Hoy J L, Day L M, Tibballs J, Ozanne-Smith J
Public Health Division, Department of Human Services, Victoria, Australia.
Inj Prev. 1999 Mar;5(1):31-5. doi: 10.1136/ip.5.1.31.
To describe the epidemiology of unintentional childhood poisoning hospitalisation in Victoria, Australia, in order to monitor trends and identify areas for research and prevention.
For children under 5 years, all Victorian public hospital admissions, July 1987 to June 1995, due to unintentional poisoning by drugs, medicines, and other substances were analysed. Similar cases were also extracted from the database of the Royal Children's Hospital intensive care unit, Melbourne for the years 1979-91. Log linear regression modelling was used for trend analyses.
The annual average childhood unintentional poisoning rate was 210.7 per 100,000. Annual rates for males consistently exceeded those for females. The most common agents were those acting on the respiratory system and on smooth and skeletal muscles (muscle relaxants, cough and cold medicines, antiasthmatics), aromatic analgesics (paracetamol), and systemic agents (including antihistamines). Further investigation is justified for cardiac agents, some respiratory agents, and asthma medications.
Childhood poisoning hospitalisation rates have not decreased in Victoria over recent years. A focused, agent specific approach, as well as a series of generic measures for the prevention of poisoning to children under 5 is advocated. The ongoing surveillance, collection and analysis of data, in addition to research on specific poisoning agents are essential components of any prevention strategy.
描述澳大利亚维多利亚州儿童非故意中毒住院的流行病学情况，以监测趋势并确定研究和预防领域。
对1987年7月至1995年6月期间维多利亚州所有因药物、药品和其他物质非故意中毒而住院的5岁以下儿童进行分析。还从墨尔本皇家儿童医院重症监护病房1979 - 1991年的数据库中提取了类似病例。采用对数线性回归模型进行趋势分析。
儿童非故意中毒的年平均发生率为每10万人210.7例。男性的年发生率一直高于女性。最常见的中毒药物是作用于呼吸系统以及平滑肌和骨骼肌的药物（肌肉松弛剂、止咳感冒药、抗哮喘药）、芳香族镇痛药（对乙酰氨基酚）和全身性药物（包括抗组胺药）。对心脏药物、某些呼吸药物和哮喘药物进行进一步研究是合理的。
近年来，维多利亚州儿童中毒住院率并未下降。提倡采用针对性的、针对特定药物的方法以及一系列预防5岁以下儿童中毒的通用措施。持续监测、数据收集和分析，以及对特定中毒药物的研究是任何预防策略的重要组成部分。
