Weber M M
Am J Med Genet. 1996 Jul 26;67(4):323-31. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960726)67:4<323::AID-AJMG2>3.0.CO;2-N.
Ernst Rüdin (1874-1952) was one of the major representatives of German psychiatry, genetics, and eugenics in the first half of the twentieth century. Born in Switzerland, he was influenced early on by his brother-in-law Alfred Ploetz, who propagated the ideas of social Darwinism and "racial hygiene" in Germany after 1890. Rüdin began his career in psychiatry at Emil Kraepelin's clinic in Munich, where he developed the concept of "empirical genetic prognosis" of mental disorders. He published his first results on the genetics of schizophrenia in 1916. From 1917-1945 Rüdin was director of the Genealogical-Demographic Department at the German Institute for Psychiatric Research, which Kraepelin had founded. After a short interruption from 1925-1928, Rüdin returned to Munich and enlarged the department. After 1933 the National Socialist government and party endorsed Rüdin's work by supplying financial and manpower support. Nazi health policy required a scientific basis to justify its actions, and Rüdin's ideas corresponded partially with this kind of thinking. In 1934 he prepared the official commentary on the "Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring." The connections of Rüdin's department to National Socialism can be understood as one of the main reasons for the critical attitude towards psychiatric genetics in Germany after 1945.
恩斯特·吕丁（1874 - 1952）是20世纪上半叶德国精神病学、遗传学和优生学的主要代表人物之一。他出生于瑞士，早年受到姐夫阿尔弗雷德·普洛茨的影响，后者于1890年后在德国传播社会达尔文主义和“种族卫生”思想。吕丁在慕尼黑的埃米尔·克雷佩林诊所开始了他的精神病学职业生涯，在那里他提出了精神障碍的“经验性遗传预后”概念。1916年，他发表了关于精神分裂症遗传学的首批研究成果。1917年至1945年，吕丁担任德国精神病学研究所家谱人口学部主任，该研究所由克雷佩林创立。1925年至1928年短暂中断后，吕丁回到慕尼黑并扩大了该部门。1933年后，纳粹政府和政党通过提供资金和人力支持认可了吕丁的工作。纳粹卫生政策需要科学依据来为其行动辩护，而吕丁的观点部分符合这种思维方式。1934年，他编写了关于《防止遗传性疾病后代法》的官方评论。吕丁所在部门与纳粹主义的联系可被视为1945年后德国对精神病学遗传学持批判态度的主要原因之一。
