Bull World Health Organ. 1995;73(5):609-19.
Reported are the results of a meta-analysis (12 large-scale field trials in seven countries) of the impact of vitamin A supplementation on pneumonia morbidity and mortality, undertaken as part of a wider review process of a range of possible potential interventions for the prevention of childhood pneumonia. The summary estimate of the relative risk for the impact of vitamin A supplementation on pneumonia incidence was 0.95 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.89, 1.01), and for pneumonia mortality, 0.98 (95% CI = 0.75, 1.28). This is in marked contrast to the substantial impact of vitamin A supplementation on all-cause mortality (combined rate ratio (RR) = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.71, 0.84), and on diarrhoea-specific and measles-specific mortality. There was no evidence for a differential impact on pneumonia mortality by age. Since the majority of pneumonia deaths occur in the first year of life, we complemented the paucity of data on pneumonia-specific mortality among this age group with a detailed examination of all-cause mortality among infants. The mortality reduction in the 6-11 month age group was consistent with that observed for older age groups (RR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.54, 0.90), but there was no reduction for 0-5 month-olds (RR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.73, 1.29).
报告了一项荟萃分析（七个国家的12项大规模现场试验）的结果，该分析旨在研究维生素A补充剂对肺炎发病率和死亡率的影响，这是对一系列预防儿童肺炎的可能潜在干预措施进行更广泛审查过程的一部分。维生素A补充剂对肺炎发病率影响的相对风险汇总估计值为0.95（95%置信区间（CI）=0.89，1.01），对肺炎死亡率的相对风险汇总估计值为0.98（95%CI=0.75，1.28）。这与维生素A补充剂对全因死亡率（合并率比（RR）=0.77，95%CI=0.71，0.84）以及对腹泻特异性和麻疹特异性死亡率的显著影响形成鲜明对比。没有证据表明年龄对肺炎死亡率有差异影响。由于大多数肺炎死亡发生在生命的第一年，我们通过详细检查婴儿的全因死亡率来补充该年龄组中肺炎特异性死亡率数据的不足。6至11个月龄组的死亡率降低与年龄较大组观察到的情况一致（RR=0.69；95%CI=0.54，0.90），但0至5个月龄组没有降低（RR=0.97；95%CI=0.73，1.29）。
