Brunet L, Miranda J, Farré M, Berini L, Mendieta C
Unit of Periodontics, Facultat d'Odontologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
Drug Saf. 1996 Sep;15(3):219-31. doi: 10.2165/00002018-199615030-00007.
Gingival enlargement, an abnormal growth of the periodontal tissue, is mainly associated with dental plaque-related inflammation and drug therapy. Its true incidence in the general population is unknown. Gingival enlargement produces aesthetic changes, pain, gingival bleeding and periodontal disorders. Although gingival overgrowth has been traditionally recognised as an adverse effect of phenytoin therapy, it has recently been reported in association with the use of cyclosporin and calcium antagonists. These 3 classes of drugs produce important changes in fibroblast function, which induce an increase in the extracellular matrix of the gingival connective tissue. In the majority of those patients for whom dosage reduction, or drug discontinuation or substitution is not possible, and for whom prophylactic measures have failed, surgical excision of gingival tissue remains the only treatment of choice.
牙龈增生是牙周组织的异常生长，主要与牙菌斑相关炎症和药物治疗有关。其在普通人群中的真实发病率尚不清楚。牙龈增生会导致美观改变、疼痛、牙龈出血和牙周疾病。虽然牙龈过度生长传统上被认为是苯妥英治疗的不良反应，但最近有报道称其与环孢素和钙拮抗剂的使用有关。这三类药物会使成纤维细胞功能发生重要变化，从而导致牙龈结缔组织细胞外基质增加。对于大多数无法减少剂量、停药或换药且预防措施无效的患者，手术切除牙龈组织仍然是唯一的治疗选择。
