Schwarz K B
Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Free Radic Biol Med. 1996;21(5):641-9. doi: 10.1016/0891-5849(96)00131-1.
The purpose of this review is to analyze the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of viral infections, an area of research that has recently gained momentum given the accumulation of evidence regarding the role of ROS in the pathogenesis of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Attention will be focussed on three classes of viruses: (1) RNA viruses, (2) DNA viruses, and (3) retroviruses, with particular attention to influenza viruses, hepatitis B virus, and HIV as representative examples of these three classes, respectively. For each type of virus, evidence for the following will be analyzed: (1) the effect of the virus on activation of phagocytic cells to release ROS and pro-oxidant cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor; (2) the effect of the virus on the pro-/antioxidant balance in host cells, including virally induced inhibition of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and virally induced increases in pro-oxidants such as nitric oxide; (3) effects of the redox state of the cell on the genetic composition of the virus as well as ROS-mediated release of host cell nuclear transcription factor-kappa-B, resulting in increased viral replication; and (4) efficacy of antioxidants as therapeutic agents in viral diseases of both animal models and patients.
本综述的目的是分析活性氧（ROS）在病毒感染发病机制中的作用。鉴于有关ROS在人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染发病机制中作用的证据不断积累，这一研究领域最近获得了发展动力。我们将重点关注三类病毒：（1）RNA病毒，（2）DNA病毒，以及（3）逆转录病毒，尤其分别将流感病毒、乙型肝炎病毒和HIV作为这三类病毒的代表性实例。对于每种病毒类型，将分析以下方面的证据：（1）病毒对吞噬细胞激活以释放ROS和促氧化细胞因子（如肿瘤坏死因子）的影响；（2）病毒对宿主细胞内促氧化剂/抗氧化剂平衡的影响，包括病毒诱导的对抗氧化酶（如超氧化物歧化酶）的抑制以及病毒诱导的促氧化剂（如一氧化氮）的增加；（3）细胞的氧化还原状态对病毒基因组成的影响以及ROS介导的宿主细胞核转录因子κB的释放，从而导致病毒复制增加；以及（4）抗氧化剂作为动物模型和患者病毒性疾病治疗药物的疗效。
