Rouse B T
Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA.
Adv Virus Res. 1996;47:353-76. doi: 10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60739-3.
Several viruses cause damage to the tissue by immunopathological mechanisms. This chapter presents the principal examples of immunopathogenesis caused by the viruses, accompanied by speculations about its management. The most common mechanism of lesion development in virus induced immunopathology involves T cells. Usually, it seems that when CD8 T cells act as the controlling cell type, lesions are acute and the outcome is decided quickly. The classic example is provided by LCM in mice. The newest candidate may turn out to be SNV infection in humans. Lesions orchestrated primarily by CD4 T cells can be either acute or long-lasting. Curiously, in the LCMV example, if CD8 T cells are removed from the scene, immunopathological responses may still occur and these involve CD4 T cells. Such responses are far more chronic and of lower grade than those mediated by CD8 T lymphocytes. One possible sequel to chronic inflammatory responses to viruses is that autoreactive inflammatory reactions are initiated and an autoimmune disease occurs. The adage that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure is certainly true in the field of viral pathogenesis. Preventing viral infection or manipulating immune processes during the initial phases of infection is far more successful than attempting to counteract pathological events once underway.
几种病毒通过免疫病理机制对组织造成损害。本章介绍了由病毒引起的免疫发病机制的主要实例，并对其处理方法进行了推测。病毒诱导的免疫病理中最常见的病变发展机制涉及T细胞。通常，当CD8 T细胞作为控制细胞类型时，病变是急性的，结果很快就会确定。经典的例子是小鼠中的淋巴细胞脉络丛脑膜炎（LCM）。最新的候选者可能是人类的汉坦病毒肺综合征（SNV）感染。主要由CD4 T细胞协调的病变可以是急性的，也可以是持久的。奇怪的是，在淋巴细胞脉络丛脑膜炎病毒（LCMV）的例子中，如果去除CD8 T细胞，免疫病理反应仍可能发生，并且这些反应涉及CD4 T细胞。这种反应比CD8 T淋巴细胞介导的反应更慢性且程度更低。对病毒的慢性炎症反应可能产生的一个后果是引发自身反应性炎症反应并发生自身免疫性疾病。“一分预防胜似十分治疗”这句格言在病毒发病机制领域肯定是正确的。在感染的初始阶段预防病毒感染或操纵免疫过程比一旦病理事件发生后试图对抗它们要成功得多。
