Clarkson P M
Department of Exercise Science, University of Massachuserrs, Amherst 01003, USA.
J Sports Sci. 1995 Summer;13 Spec No:S11-24. doi: 10.1080/02640419508732272.
Exercise has been shown to increase indirect measures of lipid peroxidation. However, exercise and training appear to augment the body's anti-oxidant defence system. Whether this augmented defence system can keep up with the increase in lipid peroxidation with exercise is not known. Iron depletion is experienced by many athletes, especially female endurance athletes and adolescents, but iron deficiency anaemia is rare. Iron depletion could affect the ability to train and recover from strenuous exercise, but this has not been examined. There is a concern that female athletes, especially adolescents, are not ingesting sufficient calcium, and this may affect the development of peak bone mass and increase the risk of bone fractures. Further research is needed on mineral and trace mineral intake and loss in athletes. It appears that most athletes have adequate status of chromium, zinc, phosphate and magnesium. Athletes who are restricting energy intake to achieve a low body mass (for example, endurance runners), may not have adequate vitamin or mineral status. More data are needed on vitamin/mineral status of athletes from underdeveloped countries. The general recommendation for athletes is that foods rich in anti-oxidants and minerals should be ingested rather than supplements.
运动已被证明会增加脂质过氧化的间接指标。然而，运动和训练似乎会增强身体的抗氧化防御系统。这种增强的防御系统能否跟上运动导致的脂质过氧化增加尚不清楚。许多运动员，尤其是女性耐力运动员和青少年会出现铁耗竭，但缺铁性贫血很少见。铁耗竭可能会影响从剧烈运动中训练和恢复的能力，但这一点尚未得到研究。人们担心女性运动员，尤其是青少年，没有摄入足够的钙，这可能会影响峰值骨量的发育并增加骨折风险。需要对运动员矿物质和微量矿物质的摄入与流失进行进一步研究。大多数运动员的铬、锌、磷酸盐和镁状况似乎充足。为达到低体重而限制能量摄入的运动员（例如耐力跑者），可能没有充足的维生素或矿物质状况。需要更多关于欠发达国家运动员维生素/矿物质状况的数据。对运动员的一般建议是应摄入富含抗氧化剂和矿物质的食物而非补充剂。
