Lukaski H C
USDA Agriculture Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202-9034, USA.
Int J Sport Nutr. 1995 Jun;5 Suppl:S74-83.
Mineral elements, including magnesium, zinc, and copper, are required by the body in modest amounts for the maintenance of health and for the development of optimal physiological function. For athletes, adequate amounts of these minerals are required for physical training and performance. Studies of athletes during training, as compared to nontraining control subjects, indicate the potential for increased losses of minerals in sweat and urine. Some studies report suboptimal intakes of minerals, particularly among athletes who are actively attempting to lose weight to meet standards for competition. However, most athletes consume diets that provide adequate amounts of minerals to meet population standards. Athletes should be counseled to consume foods with high nutrient density rather than to rely on mineral supplements. General use of mineral supplements can alter physiological function and impair health.
包括镁、锌和铜在内的矿物质元素，人体需要适量摄入以维持健康和发展最佳生理功能。对于运动员来说，进行体育训练和发挥最佳表现需要充足的这些矿物质。与非训练对照组相比，对运动员训练期间的研究表明，汗液和尿液中矿物质流失增加的可能性。一些研究报告称矿物质摄入不足，尤其是在那些积极试图减肥以达到比赛标准的运动员中。然而，大多数运动员的饮食提供了足够量的矿物质以满足人群标准。应该建议运动员食用营养密度高的食物，而不是依赖矿物质补充剂。普遍使用矿物质补充剂会改变生理功能并损害健康。
