Wilson M E
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Emerg Infect Dis. 1995 Apr-Jun;1(2):39-46. doi: 10.3201/eid0102.950201.
Travel is a potent force in the emergence of disease. Migration of humans has been the pathway for disseminating infectious diseases throughout recorded history and will continue to shape the emergence, frequency, and spread of infections in geographic areas and populations. The current volume, speed, and reach of travel are unprecedented. The consequences of travel extend beyond the traveler to the population visited and the ecosystem. When they travel, humans carry their genetic makeup, immunologic sequelae of past infections, cultural preferences, customs, and behavioral patterns. Microbes, animals, and other biologic life also accompany them. Today's massive movement of humans and materials sets the stage for mixing diverse genetic pools at rates and in combinations previously unknown. Concomitant changes in the environment, climate, technology, land use, human behavior, and demographics converge to favor the emergence of infectious diseases caused by a broad range of organisms in humans, as well as in plants and animals.
旅行是疾病出现的一股强大力量。在有记录的历史中，人类迁徙一直是传染病传播的途径，并且将继续影响感染在地理区域和人群中的出现、频率及传播。当前旅行的规模、速度和范围都是前所未有的。旅行的影响不仅限于旅行者，还涉及到访的人群和生态系统。人类旅行时，会携带自己的基因构成、过去感染留下的免疫后遗症、文化偏好、习俗和行为模式。微生物、动物和其他生物也会随之而来。如今人类和物资的大规模流动为以前所未有的速度和组合方式混合不同基因库创造了条件。环境、气候、技术、土地利用、人类行为和人口结构的同步变化共同促使人类、植物和动物中由多种生物体引起的传染病出现。
