Singh R B, Ghosh S, Niaz A M, Gupta S, Bishnoi I, Sharma J P, Agarwal P, Rastogi S S, Beegum R, Chibo H
Heart Research Laboratory, Medical Hospital and Research Centre, UP, India.
Int J Cardiol. 1995 Jan 6;47(3):245-55. doi: 10.1016/0167-5273(94)02186-m.
In a population survey of 162 rural and 152 urban subjects aged 26-65 years at Moradabad, the findings are compared with existing data on Indian immigrants to Britain and United States. In comparison with rural subjects, urban subjects had a higher prevalence of coronary artery disease (8.6 vs. 3.0%) and diabetes (7.9 vs 2.5%), higher blood pressures, total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and postprandial 2-h blood glucose and plasma insulin similar to observations made in UK in immigrants compared to Europeans. Fasting plasma insulin and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in urban subjects were comparable with rural subjects. Mean body weights were significantly higher in urban women, but not in men, than in rural subjects. However the body mass index (22.9 +/- 4.2 vs. 21.6 +/- 2.4 kg/m2) and waist-hip girth ratio (0.89 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.86 +/- 0.07) were significantly higher in urban men compared to rural men without such differences in women. Underlying these differences in risk factors, urban subjects had three times better socioeconomic status than rural subjects and were eating higher total and saturated fat, cholesterol and refined carbohydrates and lower total and complex carbohydrates compared to rural men and women. Energy expenditure during routine and spare time physical activity was significantly higher in rural compared to urban subjects. Those patients who had risk factors, showed lesser physical activity and had greater adverse factors in the diet compared to subjects without risk factors. Body mass index and waist-hip girth ratio in patients with risk factors were significantly higher than in subjects without risk factors. The findings suggest that decreased consumption of total and saturated fat and increased physical activity may be useful for prevention of coronary artery disease among urbans as well as in immigrants.
在对莫拉达巴德162名年龄在26至65岁之间的农村受试者和152名城市受试者进行的一项人口调查中，将研究结果与印度移民到英国和美国的现有数据进行了比较。与农村受试者相比，城市受试者冠心病（8.6%对3.0%）和糖尿病（7.9%对2.5%）的患病率更高，血压、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯以及餐后2小时血糖和血浆胰岛素水平也更高，这与在英国观察到的移民与欧洲人相比的情况类似。城市受试者的空腹血浆胰岛素和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平与农村受试者相当。城市女性的平均体重显著高于农村女性，但城市男性与农村男性相比无显著差异。然而，城市男性的体重指数（22.9±4.2对21.6±2.4kg/m²）和腰臀比（0.89±0.10对0.86±0.07）显著高于农村男性，而女性则无此差异。在这些危险因素差异的背后，城市受试者的社会经济地位比农村受试者高三倍，并且与农村男性和女性相比，他们摄入的总脂肪和饱和脂肪、胆固醇以及精制碳水化合物更高，而总碳水化合物和复合碳水化合物更低。农村受试者在日常和业余时间体育活动中的能量消耗显著高于城市受试者。与没有危险因素的受试者相比，那些有危险因素的患者体育活动较少，饮食中的不利因素更多。有危险因素的患者的体重指数和腰臀比显著高于没有危险因素的受试者。研究结果表明，减少总脂肪和饱和脂肪的摄入以及增加体育活动可能有助于城市居民以及移民预防冠心病。
