Harlow S D, Park M
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1996 Nov;103(11):1134-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09597.x.
To describe how menstrual cramps vary from cycle to cycle within a woman over time. To examine the influence of weight and lifestyle factors on occurrence, duration, and severity of menstrual pain.
A one-year prospective menstrual diary study.
One hundred and sixty-five women aged 17 to 19 years entering a local university in 1985.
The occurrence, length, and maximum severity of pain during a menstrual period.
Menstrual pain occurred during 71.6% of observed menstrual bleeds, most commonly beginning the first day of menses. The median duration was two days. Sixty percent of women reported at least one episode of severe pain, while 13% reported severe pain more than half the time. Earlier age at menarche and long menstrual periods increased the occurrence, duration and severity of pain. In smokers, cramps tended to last longer. Being overweight was an important risk factor for menstrual cramps and doubled the odds of having a long pain episode. Frequent alcohol consumption decreased the probability of having menstrual cramps, but in women who had pain it increased duration and severity. Physical activity was not associated with any pain parameter.
Women who have pain lasting three days are an important target group for prophylactic therapy. The occurrence and severity of menstrual cramps is influenced by potentially modifiable characteristics including weight, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Doctors may wish to counsel women presenting with dysmenorrhoea about the importance of healthy lifestyles and about the inefficacy of alcohol consumption as a treatment for dysmenorrhoea.
描述女性月经周期中痛经随时间的变化情况。研究体重和生活方式因素对痛经发生、持续时间及严重程度的影响。
一项为期一年的前瞻性月经日记研究。
1985年进入当地一所大学的165名17至19岁女性。
月经期疼痛的发生情况、持续时间及最大严重程度。
在观察到的月经出血中，71.6%出现痛经，最常见于月经第一天开始。中位持续时间为两天。60%的女性报告至少有一次严重疼痛发作，13%的女性报告超过一半时间有严重疼痛。初潮年龄早和月经期长会增加疼痛的发生、持续时间及严重程度。吸烟者的痛经往往持续时间更长。超重是痛经的一个重要危险因素，使长时间疼痛发作的几率增加一倍。频繁饮酒会降低痛经的发生概率，但对于有疼痛的女性，会增加疼痛持续时间和严重程度。体育活动与任何疼痛参数均无关联。
疼痛持续三天的女性是预防性治疗的重要目标群体。痛经的发生和严重程度受体重、吸烟和饮酒等潜在可改变特征的影响。医生可能希望向痛经女性咨询健康生活方式的重要性以及饮酒治疗痛经无效的问题。
