Tanaka K, Nakanishi T
Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba.
Appl Human Sci. 1996 Jul;15(4):139-48. doi: 10.2114/jpa.15.139.
Recent research observations indicate that obesity is a significant independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (particularly coronary heart disease and stroke). Aside from the metabolic abnormalities, there are severe social and psychological consequences of obesity. It is clear that obesity is associated, to a large extent, with lifestyle. There is no single best way to treat obesity. In general, the lifestyle therapies include behavioral modification, nutritional adjustments, and exercise conditioning. In treating obesity, the major emphasis is particularly placed upon decreasing energy intake and, to a lesser extent, upon increasing energy expenditure. However, food restriction induces a decline in resting energy expenditure which is related to the decline in body mass. Numerous reports indicate that, although decreasing energy intake is undoutedly the most obvious and effective way to reduce fat, it also induces a significant amount of fat-free tissue loss. Regular exercise is a significant variable to consider in understanding and treating obesity, since it is the principal discretionary component of energy expenditure. In particular, aerobic exercise definitely plays an important role in preventing obesity in most persons. This article reviews the importance of lifestyle behaviors such as regular exercise and proper diet for prevention and maintenance of chronic diseases, along with definitions of some important words and multidimensional information regarding the epidemiology of obesity. Strategies for weight reduction are discussed.
近期的研究观察表明，肥胖是心血管疾病（尤其是冠心病和中风）的一个重要独立预测因素。除了代谢异常外，肥胖还会带来严重的社会和心理后果。显然，肥胖在很大程度上与生活方式有关。治疗肥胖没有单一的最佳方法。一般来说，生活方式疗法包括行为改变、营养调整和运动调节。在治疗肥胖时，主要重点特别放在减少能量摄入上，在较小程度上放在增加能量消耗上。然而，食物限制会导致静息能量消耗下降，这与体重下降有关。大量报告表明，虽然减少能量摄入无疑是减少脂肪最明显、最有效的方法，但它也会导致大量无脂肪组织流失。定期运动是理解和治疗肥胖时需要考虑的一个重要变量，因为它是能量消耗的主要可自由支配部分。特别是，有氧运动在大多数人预防肥胖方面肯定起着重要作用。本文回顾了规律运动和合理饮食等生活方式行为对预防和维持慢性病的重要性，以及一些重要词汇的定义和有关肥胖流行病学的多维度信息。还讨论了减肥策略。
