Hinds T S, West W L, Knight E M, Harland B F
Center for Drug Abuse Research, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
Nutr Rev. 1996 Jul;54(7):203-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1996.tb03933.x.
The American public consumes a wide array of caffeinated products as coffee, tea, chocolate, cola beverages, and caffeine-containing medication. Therefore, it seems of value to inform both the scientific community and the consumer about the potential effects of excessive caffeine consumption, particularly by pregnant women. The results of this literature review suggest that heavy caffeine use (> or = 300 mg per day) during pregnancy is associated with small reductions in infant birth weight that may be especially detrimental to premature or low-birth-weight infants. Some researchers also document an increased risk of spontaneous abortion associated with caffeine consumption prior to and during pregnancy. However, overwhelming evidence indicates that caffeine is not a human teratogen, and that caffeine appears to have no effect on preterm labor and delivery. More research is needed before unambiguous statements about the effects of caffeine on pregnancy outcome variables can be made.
美国公众消费各种各样含咖啡因的产品，如咖啡、茶、巧克力、可乐饮料以及含咖啡因的药物。因此，向科学界和消费者通报过量摄入咖啡因的潜在影响，尤其是孕妇过量摄入咖啡因的潜在影响，似乎是有价值的。这篇文献综述的结果表明，孕期大量摄入咖啡因（每天≥300毫克）与婴儿出生体重略有降低有关，这可能对早产或低体重婴儿尤其不利。一些研究人员还记录了孕期及孕前期摄入咖啡因与自然流产风险增加有关。然而，压倒性的证据表明咖啡因不是人类致畸剂，而且咖啡因似乎对早产和分娩没有影响。在能够就咖啡因对妊娠结局变量的影响做出明确陈述之前，还需要更多的研究。
