Narod S A, De Sanjosé S, Victora C
Unit of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991 Apr;164(4):1109-14. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(91)90597-k.
Coffee is consumed in large quantities worldwide and any adverse effects would likely have important public health consequences. Because of the widespread exposure to coffee and other caffeine-containing beverages and because teratogenic effects of caffeine have been recorded in several species since 1960, women are concerned that there may be reason to limit their intake of coffee when pregnant. Several human studies on birth defects have been conducted and the overall results do not implicate coffee as a likely human teratogen. However, there is some evidence that consumption of three or more cups of coffee per day may have a modest effect on lowering infant birth weight. Studies of coffee consumption and increased rates of spontaneous abortion and delayed time to conception are inconsistent and conclusions cannot yet be drawn.
全球范围内咖啡的消费量很大，任何不良影响都可能对公众健康产生重要后果。由于咖啡和其他含咖啡因饮料的广泛接触，以及自1960年以来在多个物种中都记录到了咖啡因的致畸作用，女性担心怀孕时可能有理由限制咖啡摄入量。已经进行了几项关于出生缺陷的人体研究，总体结果并未表明咖啡是一种可能的人类致畸物。然而，有一些证据表明，每天饮用三杯或更多杯咖啡可能对降低婴儿出生体重有一定影响。关于咖啡消费与自然流产率增加以及受孕时间延迟的研究结果并不一致，尚未能得出结论。
