Olsson H, Winman A
Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
Percept Psychophys. 1996 Apr;58(3):374-82. doi: 10.3758/bf03206813.
In a recent issue of this journal, Baranski and Petrusic (1994) presented emperical data revealing overconfidence in sensory discrimination. In this paper, we propose an explanation of Baranski and Petrusic's results, based on an idiosyncrasy in the experimental setting that misleads subjects who are using an unwarranted symmetry assumption. Experiment 1 showed that when this hypothesis is controlled for, a large underconfidence bias is obtained with Baranski and Petrusic's procedure. The results of Experiment 2 confirmed that overconfidence is difficult to obtain in subject-controlled sensory discrimination tasks, even for a very low proportion of correct responses. The different results obtained in sensory and cognitive tasks suggest that one should not uncritically draw parallels between confidence in sensory and cognitive judgments.
在本期刊的最近一期中，巴兰斯基和彼得鲁西奇（1994年）展示了实证数据，揭示了在感官辨别方面存在过度自信的情况。在本文中，我们基于实验设置中的一个特质提出了对巴兰斯基和彼得鲁西奇研究结果的一种解释，该特质误导了那些使用无根据对称假设的受试者。实验1表明，当对这一假设进行控制时，采用巴兰斯基和彼得鲁西奇的程序会得出很大的信心不足偏差。实验2的结果证实，即使正确反应的比例非常低，在受试者控制的感官辨别任务中也很难出现过度自信的情况。在感官和认知任务中获得的不同结果表明，人们不应不加批判地在对感官判断的信心和对认知判断的信心之间进行类比。
