Lebreton Maël, Langdon Shari, Slieker Matthijs J, Nooitgedacht Jip S, Goudriaan Anna E, Denys Damiaan, van Holst Ruth J, Luigjes Judy
Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Center for Research in Experimental Economics and Political Decision Making, Amsterdam School of Economics, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Sci Adv. 2018 May 30;4(5):eaaq0668. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaq0668. eCollection 2018 May.
Decisions are accompanied by a feeling of confidence, that is, a belief about the decision being correct. Confidence accuracy is critical, notably in high-stakes situations such as medical or financial decision-making. We investigated how incentive motivation influences confidence accuracy by combining a perceptual task with a confidence incentivization mechanism. By varying the magnitude and valence (gains or losses) of monetary incentives, we orthogonalized their motivational and affective components. Corroborating theories of rational decision-making and motivation, our results first reveal that the motivational value of incentives improves aspects of confidence accuracy. However, in line with a value-confidence interaction hypothesis, we further show that the affective value of incentives concurrently biases confidence reports, thus degrading confidence accuracy. Finally, we demonstrate that the motivational and affective effects of incentives differentially affect how confidence builds on perceptual evidence. Together, these findings may provide new hints about confidence miscalibration in healthy or pathological contexts.
决策伴随着一种自信感，即相信该决策是正确的。信心准确性至关重要，尤其是在医疗或金融决策等高风险情况下。我们通过将感知任务与信心激励机制相结合，研究了激励动机如何影响信心准确性。通过改变货币激励的大小和效价（收益或损失），我们将其动机和情感成分进行了正交化处理。证实了理性决策和动机理论，我们的结果首先表明，激励的动机价值改善了信心准确性的各个方面。然而，与价值-信心相互作用假说一致，我们进一步表明，激励的情感价值同时会使信心报告产生偏差，从而降低信心准确性。最后，我们证明了激励的动机和情感效应在信心基于感知证据的建立方式上有不同的影响。总之，这些发现可能为健康或病理背景下的信心误校准提供新的线索。
