Voo K, Kumaresan S, Pintar F A, Yoganandan N, Sances A
Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53295, USA.
Med Biol Eng Comput. 1996 Sep;34(5):375-81. doi: 10.1007/BF02520009.
A review is presented of the existing finite-element (FE) models for the biomechanics of human head injury. Finite element analysis can be an important tool in describing the injury biomechanics of the human head. Complex geometric and material properties pose challenges to FE modelling. Various assumptions and simplifications are made in model development that require experimental validation. More recent models incorporate anatomic details with higher precision. The cervical vertebral column and spinal cord are included. Model results have been more qualitative than quantitative owing to the lack of adequate experimental validation. Advances include transient stress distribution in the brain tissue, frequency responses, effects of boundary conditions, pressure release mechanism of the foramen magnum and the spinal cord, verification of rotation and cavitation theories of brain injury, and protective effects of helmets. These theoretical results provide a basic understanding of the internal biomechanical responses of the head under various dynamic loading conditions. Basic experimental research is still needed to be determine more accurate material properties and injury tolerance criteria, so that FE models can fully exercise their analytical and predictive power for the study and prevention of human head injury.
本文对现有的用于人体头部损伤生物力学的有限元（FE）模型进行了综述。有限元分析可以成为描述人体头部损伤生物力学的重要工具。复杂的几何和材料特性给有限元建模带来了挑战。在模型开发中进行了各种假设和简化，这需要实验验证。最近的模型更精确地纳入了解剖学细节。颈椎柱和脊髓也被纳入其中。由于缺乏充分的实验验证，模型结果更多地是定性的而非定量的。进展包括脑组织中的瞬态应力分布、频率响应、边界条件的影响、枕骨大孔和脊髓的压力释放机制、脑损伤旋转和空化理论的验证以及头盔的保护作用。这些理论结果为头部在各种动态载荷条件下的内部生物力学响应提供了基本理解。仍需要进行基础实验研究以确定更准确的材料特性和损伤耐受标准，以便有限元模型能够充分发挥其对人体头部损伤研究和预防的分析和预测能力。
