Batsell W R, George J W
Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA.
Physiol Behav. 1996 Dec;60(6):1463-7. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9384(96)00310-1.
In single-element taste-aversion learning, retention interval effects are seen if taste aversions are paradoxically weak when they are tested 1 day after conditioning than when they are tested 3 or more days after conditioning. One explanation of this phenomenon is that weaker taste aversions may increase in strength across a retention interval. To test this possibility, rats were given saccharin followed by an unconditioned stimulus (US) of weak, medium, or high intensity; testing occurred after a 1-day or a 5-day retention interval. The results showed retention-interval effects only at medium and high dosage levels, but not following a weak-intensity US. Furthermore, at the 5-day retention interval, aversion strength increased as the intensity of the US increased. However, at the 1-day retention interval, there were no significant differences due to US intensity. In accordance with previous experiments, this outcome suggests that nonassociative factors, such as US novelty, and not associative factors (e.g., US intensity), modulate taste aversion performance on a 1-day test.
在单元素味觉厌恶学习中，如果味觉厌恶在条件反射后1天进行测试时反常地比在条件反射后3天或更长时间进行测试时弱，就会出现保持间隔效应。对这一现象的一种解释是，较弱的味觉厌恶可能会在保持间隔期内强度增加。为了验证这种可能性，给大鼠喂食糖精，然后给予低、中、高强度的非条件刺激（US）；在1天或5天的保持间隔后进行测试。结果显示，仅在中高剂量水平出现了保持间隔效应，而低强度非条件刺激后未出现。此外，在5天的保持间隔时，厌恶强度随着非条件刺激强度的增加而增加。然而，在1天的保持间隔时，非条件刺激强度未产生显著差异。与之前的实验一致，这一结果表明，在1天的测试中，诸如非条件刺激新奇性等非联想因素而非联想因素（如非条件刺激强度）调节了味觉厌恶表现。
