Cornelius J R, Salloum I M, Day N L, Thase M E, Mann J J
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1996 Nov;20(8):1451-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01148.x.
The aims of this study were (1) to comprehensively characterize a population of alcoholics with major depression in a psychiatric hospital, (2) to determine the prevalence of suicidal behavior in this sample, and (3) to determine whether quantity of alcohol ingested was associated with level of suicidality. Ratings of drinking, depression, and suicidality were obtained using both self-rated and observer-rated instruments. The prevalence of suicide attempts in the week before hospitalization was remarkably high, approaching 40%, whereas 70% had made a suicide attempt at some point in their lifetime. These suicide attempts were typically impulsive in nature, involving little if any premeditation. Most subjects reported drinking more heavily than usual on the day of their suicide attempt. Recent suicidal behavior was significantly associated with recent very heavy drinking (< or = 70 drinks per week) and with number of drinks per drinking day. Quantity of drinking per drinking day was also significantly higher in those making a recent suicide attempt. However, no association was found between quantity of alcohol consumption and suicidal ideation. These findings suggest that recent heavy alcohol use primarily affects suicidality by increasing the likelihood of acting on suicidal ideation rather than by inducing suicidal ideation.
（1）全面描述一家精神病医院中患有重度抑郁症的酗酒者群体；（2）确定该样本中自杀行为的发生率；（3）确定饮酒量是否与自杀倾向程度相关。使用自评和他人评定工具获取饮酒、抑郁和自杀倾向的评分。住院前一周内自杀未遂的发生率非常高，接近40%，而70%的人在其一生中曾有过自杀未遂行为。这些自杀未遂行为通常具有冲动性，几乎没有预谋。大多数受试者报告在自杀未遂当天饮酒量比平时更大。近期自杀行为与近期大量饮酒（每周≤70杯）以及每日饮酒量显著相关。近期有自杀未遂行为者的每日饮酒量也显著更高。然而，未发现酒精摄入量与自杀意念之间存在关联。这些发现表明，近期大量饮酒主要通过增加按照自杀意念行事的可能性而非诱发自杀意念来影响自杀倾向。
