Bailey J F, Richards M B, Macaulay V A, Colson I B, James I T, Bradley D G, Hedges R E, Sykes B C
University of Oxford, Department of Cellular Science, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, U.K.
Proc Biol Sci. 1996 Nov 22;263(1376):1467-73. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1996.0214.
A total of 11 Bos primigenius and Bos taurus bones from archaeological sites between 500 and 12000 years old were examined for the presence of DNA. It was possible to amplify and sequence mitochondrial control region DNA extracted from seven of the 11 samples, including two Pleistocene B. primigenius samples. We compared the results with published data by constructing phylogenetic networks. The two B. primigenius samples clustered with the extant B. taurus samples in the networks. The similarity between B. primigenius and modern taurine cattle confirms that these should be considered members of a single species. The sequences obtained from the B. taurus specimens were either identical to the reference sequence for modern European cattle or closely related to it. They included two sequences not previously documented. The network analysis of the ancient data highlights the intermediary nature of the B. primigenius sequences between modern European and African B. taurus and the proximity of the ancient DNA B. taurus sequences to modern European B. taurus. Further analysis of the extant data in the light of the ancient DNA results suggests that a degree of Pleistocene diversity survives in the extant European Bos population that is mainly derived from a more recent population expansion.
对来自距今500至12000年考古遗址的总共11块原牛和普通牛的骨头进行了DNA检测。从11个样本中的7个样本（包括两个更新世原牛样本）中提取的线粒体控制区DNA能够进行扩增和测序。我们通过构建系统发育网络将结果与已发表的数据进行了比较。在网络中，这两个原牛样本与现存的普通牛样本聚类在一起。原牛与现代黄牛之间的相似性证实，它们应被视为单一物种的成员。从普通牛标本获得的序列要么与现代欧洲牛的参考序列相同，要么与之密切相关。其中包括两个以前未记录的序列。对古代数据的网络分析突出了原牛序列在现代欧洲和非洲普通牛之间的中间性质，以及古代DNA普通牛序列与现代欧洲普通牛的接近程度。根据古代DNA结果对现存数据的进一步分析表明，现存欧洲牛种群中存在一定程度的更新世多样性，这主要源于最近的种群扩张。
