Lison D
Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine Unit, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
Crit Rev Toxicol. 1996 Nov;26(6):585-616. doi: 10.3109/10408449609037478.
In the industry, the potential for exposure to cobalt metal dust is particularly important during the production of cobalt powder and the processing and use of hard metals and other cobalt-containing alloys. The different adverse health effects reported in these workers are reviewed. One of the main target organs is the respiratory tract, and this article concentrates on the lung parenchymal reactions induced by cobalt-containing dust. Clinical and epidemiological data indicate that this manifestation is rarely, if ever, induced by pure cobalt metal dust alone, but requires the concomitant inhalation of other compounds such as tungsten carbide in the hard metal industry (hard metal disease). Experimental studies demonstrate that cobalt metal and metallic carbides interact to produce an elective lung toxicity. Recent work on the mechanism of this interaction, which is based on the production of activated oxygen species, is reviewed. A practical implication in industrial hygiene should be that permissible exposure levels to Co dust might have to be different when exposure is to pure Co particles or an association with carbides.
在该行业中，在钴粉生产以及硬质合金和其他含钴合金的加工与使用过程中，接触钴金属粉尘的可能性尤为重要。本文综述了这些工人中报告的不同不良健康影响。主要靶器官之一是呼吸道，本文重点关注含钴粉尘引起的肺实质反应。临床和流行病学数据表明，这种表现很少（如果有的话）仅由纯钴金属粉尘单独引起，而是需要在硬质合金行业中同时吸入其他化合物，如碳化钨（硬质合金病）。实验研究表明，钴金属和金属碳化物相互作用会产生选择性肺毒性。本文综述了基于活性氧产生的这种相互作用机制的最新研究成果。工业卫生方面的一个实际影响是，当接触的是纯钴颗粒或与碳化物结合时，钴粉尘的允许接触水平可能会有所不同。
