Parkinson B
Department of Psychology, University of Leicester, UK.
Br J Psychol. 1996 Nov;87 ( Pt 4):663-83. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1996.tb02615.x.
In this paper, I question the assumption that emotions are first and foremost individual reactions, and suggest instead that they are often best viewed as social phenomena. I show that many of the causes of emotions are interpersonally, institutionally or culturally defined; that emotions usually have consequences for other people; and that they serve interpersonal as well as cultural functions in everyday life. Furthermore, many cases of emotion are essentially communicative rather than internal and reactive phenomena. Previous research has often underestimated the importance of social factors in the causation and constitution of emotion. In conclusion, I recommend that existing cognitive and physiological approaches to emotional phenomena be supplemented or supplanted by social psychological analysis.
在本文中，我质疑了情绪首先是个体反应这一假设，而是认为情绪通常最好被视作社会现象。我指出，情绪的许多起因是由人际、制度或文化界定的；情绪通常会对他人产生影响；并且情绪在日常生活中发挥着人际和文化功能。此外，许多情绪情况本质上是交流性的，而非内在的、反应性的现象。以往的研究常常低估了社会因素在情绪的起因和构成中的重要性。总之，我建议用社会心理学分析来补充或取代现有的针对情绪现象的认知和生理学方法。
