Muller-Smith P
J Perianesth Nurs. 1996 Jun;11(3):175-9. doi: 10.1016/s1089-9472(96)90008-8.
The management theories that have defined the science of management are no longer effective for managers who are faced with a daily paradox. The problems which challenge managers often present two issues; both have some basis in truth, both are valid, and both present a contradiction when efforts are made to solve them. The option is not to choose one issue over the other, but rather search for a way to balance and integrate the truth and validity of each: to manage the paradox.
那些界定了管理科学的管理理论，对于面临日常矛盾的管理者而言已不再有效。挑战管理者的问题往往呈现出两个方面；二者都有一定的事实依据，都是合理的，而且在努力解决这些问题时，二者会呈现出一种矛盾。选择并非是在一个问题与另一个问题之间进行抉择，而是要寻找一种方法来平衡和整合每个问题的真实性和合理性：即应对这种矛盾。
