Loo G T, Siegel J H, Dischinger P C, Rixen D, Burgess A R, Addis M D, O'Quinn T, McCammon L, Schmidhauser C B, Marsh P, Hodge P A, Bents F
Department of Surgery, New Jersey Medical School-UMDNJ, Newark 07103, USA.
J Trauma. 1996 Dec;41(6):935-51. doi: 10.1097/00005373-199612000-00001.
A prospective study of the interaction between airbag (AB) and seat-belt (Bt) protection versus vehicular compartment (VC) intrusion effects on injury patterns in motor vehicle crash (MVC) trauma patients.
Two hundred MVC patients, nonejected drivers or front seat passengers with multiple trauma or severe lower extremity (LE) trauma admitted to two Level I trauma centers.
In frontal crashes, airbags (AB) more than Bt reduced Glasgow Coma Scale severity in brain injury, face fracture, shock, and the need for MVC extrication (all p < 0.05). Frontal AB also had a protective effect on LE fractures (41% vs. 66%, p < 0.01), but had no significant protective effect on pelvic fractures. When AB protection was present, it prevented brain and face fracture injuries caused by impact contacts and reduced the incidence of these injuries resulting from VC intrusions (p < 0.05). Thoracoabdominal injuries resulting from steering wheel intrusion showed AB protection against intrusions of twice the magnitude of those seen in non-AB vehicles (p < 0.05). In frontal MVCs, AB reduced LE fracture contact injuries but did not prevent LE fractures resulting from intrusions of instrument panel, toepan, or floor pedal structures. In lateral MVCs, Bt did not protect against brain, face, thorax, or pelvic injuries.
Safety measures beyond frontal airbags must address frontal crash LE injuries induced by steering wheel, instrument panel, and toepan passenger compartment structure intrusions. Lateral crash injuries may profit from side AB supplemental restraint protection.
对机动车碰撞（MVC）创伤患者中安全气囊（AB）和安全带（Bt）保护与车厢（VC）侵入对损伤模式的相互作用进行前瞻性研究。
200例MVC患者，均为未被弹出的驾驶员或前排乘客，因多发伤或严重下肢（LE）创伤入住两个一级创伤中心。
在正面碰撞中，安全气囊（AB）比安全带更能降低脑损伤、面部骨折、休克的格拉斯哥昏迷量表严重程度以及MVC解救的必要性（均p<0.05）。正面AB对LE骨折也有保护作用（41%对66%，p<0.01），但对骨盆骨折无显著保护作用。当有AB保护时，可预防撞击接触导致的脑和面部骨折损伤，并降低因VC侵入导致的这些损伤的发生率（p<0.05）。方向盘侵入导致的胸腹损伤显示，AB对侵入的保护作用是非AB车辆的两倍（p<0.05）。在正面MVC中，AB减少了LE骨折接触损伤，但不能预防仪表板、脚踏板或地板踏板结构侵入导致的LE骨折。在侧面MVC中，Bt对脑、面部、胸部或骨盆损伤无保护作用。
除正面安全气囊外的安全措施必须解决方向盘、仪表板和脚踏板乘客舱结构侵入导致的正面碰撞LE损伤。侧面碰撞损伤可能受益于侧面AB辅助约束保护。
