Tsui J K
Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Pharmacol Ther. 1996;72(1):13-24. doi: 10.1016/s0163-7258(96)00091-5.
Botulinum toxin is a presynaptic neuromuscular blocking agent that, when injected intramuscularly in minute quantities, can produce selective muscle weakness. This property is employed therapeutically to provide symptomatic relief in conditions related to excessive muscle activities in strabismus, blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, cervical dystonia, spasmodic dysphonia (adductor type), and jaw closing dystonia. It is investigational for a long list of medical conditions. It is a marketed drug in a number of countries in the world, but its use has only been approved by different regulatory agencies for use in a limited number of conditions. The long-term effects, appropriate dose for children, and in pregnancy, and maximum dose without causing toxicity remain unclear.
肉毒杆菌毒素是一种突触前神经肌肉阻滞剂，当以微量肌肉注射时，可产生选择性肌肉无力。这一特性在治疗上被用于缓解与斜视、眼睑痉挛、半面痉挛、颈部肌张力障碍、痉挛性发音困难（内收型）和下颌闭合性肌张力障碍中过度肌肉活动相关的症状。它正在针对一系列医学病症进行研究。它在世界上许多国家都是上市药物，但不同监管机构仅批准其在有限的病症中使用。其长期影响、儿童的合适剂量、孕期的使用情况以及不产生毒性的最大剂量仍不明确。
