Giuse N B, Huber J T, Kafantaris S R, Giuse D A, Miller M D, Giles D E, Miller R A, Stead W W
Eskind Biomedical Library, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
J Am Med Inform Assoc. 1997 Jan-Feb;4(1):57-67. doi: 10.1136/jamia.1997.0040057.
Refine the understanding of the desirable skills for health sciences librarians as a basis for developing a training program model that reflects the fundamental changes in health care delivery and information technology.
A four-step needs assessment process: focus groups developed lists of desirable skills; the research team organized candidate skills into a taxonomy; a survey of a random sample of librarians and library users assessed perception of importance of individual skills; and the research team framed, as a unifying hypothesis, a training model.
The survey was distributed to random samples of 150 librarians, stratified by type of library, and 150 library users, stratified by type of use. A non-randomized sample was obtained by mounting the survey on a World Wide Web server. The survey instrument included 96 distinct skills organized into 13 categories. Respondents rated the importance of each skill on a Likert scale and provided a separate ranking by identifying the ten most important skills for the profession.
Among the participants, 51% of librarians and 36% of library users responded to the survey. All categories of skills were rated above the midpoint of priority on the Likert scale. All groups rated personality characteristics and skills as most important, with an understanding of the health sciences, education, and research being rated comparably to technical skills.
Health sciences librarians need a new educational model that provides them with broad-based tools to discover new roles and new resources for acquiring individual skills as the need arises. A unifying training model would involve trainees in developing their learning plan in a way that promotes proactive inquiry and self-directed learning, and it would rotate the trainees through projects to provide skills and an understanding of end-user work processes.
深化对健康科学图书馆员所需技能的理解，以此为基础开发一个培训项目模型，该模型要能反映医疗服务和信息技术的根本变化。
一个四步需求评估过程：焦点小组列出所需技能清单；研究团队将候选技能整理成一个分类体系；对图书馆员和图书馆用户的随机样本进行调查，评估个人技能的重要性认知；研究团队构建一个培训模型作为统一假设。
调查分别发放给150名按图书馆类型分层的图书馆员随机样本和150名按使用类型分层的图书馆用户随机样本。通过将调查问卷置于万维网服务器上获得非随机样本。调查问卷包括96种不同技能，分为13类。受访者用李克特量表对每项技能的重要性进行评分，并通过确定该职业最重要的十项技能给出单独排名。
在参与者中，51%的图书馆员和36%的图书馆用户回复了调查。所有技能类别在李克特量表上的优先级评分均高于中点。所有群体都将个性特征和技能评为最重要，对健康科学、教育和研究的理解与技术技能的评分相当。
健康科学图书馆员需要一种新的教育模式，为他们提供广泛的工具，以便在有需要时发现新角色和获取个人技能的新资源。一个统一的培训模式将让学员以促进主动探究和自主学习的方式制定他们的学习计划，并让学员参与项目轮换，以提供技能并了解最终用户的工作流程。
