Hughes C B, Caliandro G
College of Nursing, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA.
J Pediatr Nurs. 1996 Dec;11(6):347-58. doi: 10.1016/S0882-5963(96)80079-0.
The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to explore the relationship between social support, stressors, level of illness, and perceived caregiver burden in caregivers of children with HIV/AIDS. Instruments used were: (1) the Classification System for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Children Under 13 Years of Age (1987), (2) the Daily Hassles Scale, (3) the Tilden Interpersonal Relationship Inventory (IPRI), (4) the Derogatis Stress Profile (DSP), and (5) the Caregiver Appraisal Scale. The sample was drawn from two medical centers in New Jersey. The 49 caregivers of children with perinatally acquired HIV were predominantly HIV-positive biological mothers of African American descent whose education ranged from 8th grade through college. One-half of the children were classified at the CDC P2 level. Descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The results of the DSP indicated subjects were slightly below the 70th percentile for anxiety, depression, hostility, and work stressors and that subjects' social support levels were in the upper end of the low support category. Stepwise regression indicated that depression and anxiety predicted 40% of the variance in caregiver burden (R2 = .399; F = 14,985; p = .000). Hostility and level of social support predicted 37% of the variance in caregiving impact (R2 = .37; F = 13.254; p = .000). Finally, social support predicted 17.5% of the variability in the caregivers' sense of caregiving competency (R2 = .175; F = 9.788; p = .003). The child's level of illness and HIV status of caregiver did not significantly predict variance in caregiving appraisal.
这项描述性相关性研究的目的是探讨社会支持、压力源、疾病程度与艾滋病毒/艾滋病儿童照料者所感受到的照料负担之间的关系。所使用的工具包括：（1）《13岁以下儿童人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染分类系统》（1987年），（2）《日常烦恼量表》，（3）《蒂尔登人际关系量表》（IPRI），（4）《德罗加蒂斯压力概况量表》（DSP），以及（5）《照料者评估量表》。样本取自新泽西州的两个医疗中心。49名围产期感染艾滋病毒儿童的照料者主要是非洲裔美国血统的艾滋病毒阳性亲生母亲，其受教育程度从八年级到大学不等。一半的儿童被疾控中心分类为P2级。描述性统计和逐步多元回归被用于分析数据。DSP的结果表明，受试者在焦虑、抑郁、敌意和工作压力源方面略低于第70百分位数，且受试者的社会支持水平处于低支持类别中的较高水平。逐步回归表明，抑郁和焦虑预测了照料负担中40%的方差（R2 = .399；F = 14,985；p = .000）。敌意和社会支持水平预测了照料影响中37%的方差（R2 = .37；F = 13.254；p = .000）。最后，社会支持预测了照料者照料能力感中17.5%的变异性（R2 = .175；F = 9.788；p = .003）。儿童的疾病程度和照料者的艾滋病毒感染状况并未显著预测照料评估中的方差。
