Wahlberg K E, Wynne L C, Oja H, Keskitalo P, Pykäläinen L, Lahti I, Moring J, Naarala M, Sorri A, Seitamaa M, Läksy K, Kolassa J, Tienari P
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland.
Am J Psychiatry. 1997 Mar;154(3):355-62. doi: 10.1176/ajp.154.3.355.
This study assessed the interaction of genetic risk and rearing-family risk as a subsyndromal test measure of schizophrenic thought disorder in adoptees.
A group of 58 adoptees with schizophrenic biological mothers was compared with 96 comparison adoptees at ordinary genetic risk; putative adoptee vulnerability was assessed blindly and reliably by using the Rorschach Index of Primitive Thought. Environmental risk was measured by using frequency of communication deviance as a continuous variable, scored independently from Rorschach assessments of the adoptive parents.
High genetic risk in itself was not associated with greater vulnerability to schizophrenic thought disorder in the adoptees, as indicated by the Index of Primitive Thought. Also, greater communication deviance in the adoptive parents was not associated with greater thought disorder in the comparison adoptees. However, there was a highly significant gene-environment interaction. Among the offspring of the adoptive parents with high levels of communication deviance, a higher proportion of high-risk than comparison adoptees showed evidence of thought disorder. In contrast, among the offspring of adoptive parents with low communication deviance, a lower proportion of high-risk than comparison adoptees showed evidence of thought disorder. The distribution of communication deviance scores did not differ significantly between the adoptive parents of high-risk offspring and the adoptive parents of comparison offspring.
The findings are consistent with genetic control of sensitivity to the environment. There is no evidence that high genetic risk of schizophrenia among offspring is associated with high levels of communication problems in rearing parents.
本研究评估了遗传风险与养育家庭风险的相互作用，以此作为对领养者精神分裂症思维障碍的亚综合征测试指标。
将一组58名生物学母亲患有精神分裂症的领养者与96名具有普通遗传风险的对照领养者进行比较；使用原始思维的罗夏测验指标对假定的领养者易感性进行盲法且可靠的评估。环境风险通过将沟通偏差频率作为连续变量来衡量，该变量独立于对养父母的罗夏测验评估进行评分。
原始思维指标表明，单纯的高遗传风险与领养者患精神分裂症思维障碍的更高易感性并无关联。同样，养父母中更大的沟通偏差与对照领养者中更严重的思维障碍也没有关联。然而，存在高度显著的基因 - 环境相互作用。在沟通偏差水平高的养父母的后代中，高风险领养者比对照领养者表现出思维障碍迹象的比例更高。相反，在沟通偏差低的养父母的后代中，高风险领养者比对照领养者表现出思维障碍迹象的比例更低。高风险后代的养父母与对照后代的养父母之间，沟通偏差得分的分布没有显著差异。
这些发现与对环境敏感性的遗传控制一致。没有证据表明后代中精神分裂症的高遗传风险与养育父母中高水平的沟通问题有关。
