O'Kane S, Ferguson M W
School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, U.K.
Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1997 Jan;29(1):63-78. doi: 10.1016/s1357-2725(96)00120-3.
The Transforming Growth Factor beta superfamily (TGF beta) is one of the most complex groups of cytokines with widespread effects on many aspects of growth and development. The TGF beta isoforms and other family members, e.g. Activins and BMPs, have diverse effects in similar physiological situations. TGF beta is involved in the wound healing process. The three mammalian isoforms (TGF beta 1, 2 and 3) and recently other family members, e.g. Activin, have been localised in healing wounds. Manipulation of the ratios of TGF beta superfamily members, particularly the ratio of TGF beta 1 relative to TGF beta 3, reduces scarring and fibrosis. Such manipulations include reducing the levels of TGF beta 1/TGF beta 2 using neutralising antibodies or preventing the activation of TGF beta s. In chronic or impaired wounds the exogenous addition of TGF beta superfamily members accelerates aspects of the healing process. This review summarises evidence for the role of TGF beta superfamily members in wound healing and how modulation of TGF beta levels can prevent scarring and fibrosis.
转化生长因子β超家族（TGFβ）是最为复杂的细胞因子群体之一，对生长和发育的诸多方面具有广泛影响。TGFβ亚型及其他家族成员，如激活素和骨形态发生蛋白（BMPs），在相似的生理情况下具有多样的作用。TGFβ参与伤口愈合过程。三种哺乳动物亚型（TGFβ1、2和3）以及最近发现的其他家族成员，如激活素，已在愈合伤口中定位。调控TGFβ超家族成员的比例，特别是TGFβ1与TGFβ3的比例，可减少瘢痕形成和纤维化。此类调控措施包括使用中和抗体降低TGFβ1/TGFβ2的水平或阻止TGFβ的激活。在慢性或受损伤口中，外源性添加TGFβ超家族成员可加速愈合过程的某些方面。本综述总结了TGFβ超家族成员在伤口愈合中的作用证据，以及调控TGFβ水平如何预防瘢痕形成和纤维化。
