Selçuk Z T, Caglar T, Enünlü T, Topal T
Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara, Turkey.
Clin Exp Allergy. 1997 Mar;27(3):262-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb00704.x.
Allergic diseases present a major health burden for children as shown by the rising morbidity and increased mortality from asthma. Information on the prevalences of allergic disorders and contributing factors as well will help to establish feasible measures to change this trend, and more efficient assignment of the limited health resources.
To assess the prevalences of asthma and other allergic diseases and the contribution of various risk factors in primary school children in Edirne, Turkey.
Children aged 7 to 12 in primary schools in the municipality and 24 villages of Edirne were surveyed via a questionnaire completed by the parents. The cumulative (lifetime) and current (last 12 months) prevalences of allergic diseases and the presence of passive smoking, atopic family history, animal contact and breast-feeding in infancy were determined.
A total of 5412 children (70.1% from the metropolitan and 29.9% from the rural area) were enrolled. The cumulative and current prevalences of all allergic diseases were 24.6% and 9.9% respectively. The cumulative (lifetime) prevalences of bronchial asthma, wheezing, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis were 16.4%, 18.9%, 12.3% and 2.2%, and the current (last 12 months) prevalences were 5.6%, 5.8%, 4.5% and 0.9% respectively. Three-fourths of the children were exposed to tobacco smoke at home. Atopic heredity appeared the most prominent risk factor for any allergic disorder. Neither age, breast-feeding nor place of habitation affected the occurrence of allergic disorders. Animal contact was a significant risk factor for asthma and wheezing (adjusted odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for current prevalences are 1.38 (CI = 1.04-1.83) and 1.35 (CI = 1.02-1.78) respectively), exposure to indoor tobacco smoke for wheezing (OR = 1.52, CI = 1.10-2.09), and male gender for asthma (OR = 1.50, CI = 1.16-1.93). Current prevalences for all allergic diseases were significantly lower than those previously reported in Ankara, Turkey.
Allergic diseases are a major health burden for primary school children in Edirne, Turkey. Although atopic heredity appears to be the foremost important risk factor, reduction of exposure to indoor tobacco smoke and animal contact, especially for those with atopic family history, are important preventive measures. The impact of environmental exposures on distinguishing prevalences of allergic diseases in Ankara and Edirne should be further investigated.
如哮喘发病率上升和死亡率增加所示，过敏性疾病给儿童带来了重大健康负担。关于过敏性疾病的患病率及其相关因素的信息，将有助于制定可行的措施来改变这一趋势，并更有效地分配有限的卫生资源。
评估土耳其埃迪尔内市小学生中哮喘和其他过敏性疾病的患病率以及各种危险因素的影响。
通过家长填写的问卷对埃迪尔内市及其24个村庄的小学7至12岁儿童进行调查。确定过敏性疾病的累积（终生）患病率和当前（过去12个月）患病率，以及被动吸烟、特应性家族史、动物接触和婴儿期母乳喂养情况。
共纳入5412名儿童（70.1%来自市区，29.9%来自农村）。所有过敏性疾病的累积患病率和当前患病率分别为24.6%和9.9%。支气管哮喘、喘息、过敏性鼻炎和特应性皮炎的累积（终生）患病率分别为16.4%、18.9%、12.3%和2.2%，当前（过去12个月）患病率分别为5.6%、5.8%、4.5%和0.9%。四分之三的儿童在家中接触过烟草烟雾。特应性遗传似乎是所有过敏性疾病最突出的危险因素。年龄、母乳喂养和居住地点均不影响过敏性疾病的发生。动物接触是哮喘和喘息的重要危险因素（当前患病率的调整比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）分别为1.38（CI = 1.04 - 1.83）和1.35（CI = 1.02 - 1.78）），接触室内烟草烟雾是喘息的危险因素（OR = 1.52，CI = 1.10 - 2.09），男性是哮喘的危险因素（OR = 1.50，CI = 1.16 - 1.93）。所有过敏性疾病的当前患病率显著低于土耳其安卡拉先前报道的患病率。
过敏性疾病是土耳其埃迪尔内市小学生的主要健康负担。尽管特应性遗传似乎是最重要的危险因素，但减少接触室内烟草烟雾和动物接触，尤其是对于有特应性家族史的儿童，是重要的预防措施。应进一步研究环境暴露对安卡拉和埃迪尔内过敏性疾病患病率差异的影响。
