Ozawa T
Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nagoya, Japan.
Physiol Rev. 1997 Apr;77(2):425-64. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1997.77.2.425.
This review is devoted to the molecular genetics and bioenergetics of human mitochondria related to the mechanism of aging. Morphological and functional changes of mitochondria associated with age and age-related disease are overviewed with special reference to the changes in enzymes encoded by mitochondrial-inherent genome. The somatically acquired mutations and oxidative damage of the genome, which lead an individual to the fragmentation of mitochondrial DNA, cellular energy crisis, naturally occurring cell death (apoptosis), and tissue degeneration and atrophy, are reviewed with relation to the inherited point mutational genotypes and the deletion types of mitochondrial DNA. Theories of aging are discussed with disclosed evidence relevant to them. Some trials to prevent age-related damage in mitochondria are introduced for the development of what may be called mitochondrial medicine.
本综述致力于探讨与衰老机制相关的人类线粒体的分子遗传学和生物能量学。概述了与年龄及年龄相关疾病相关的线粒体形态和功能变化，并特别提及线粒体固有基因组编码的酶的变化。结合线粒体DNA的遗传点突变基因型和缺失类型，综述了导致个体线粒体DNA片段化、细胞能量危机、自然发生的细胞死亡（凋亡）以及组织退化和萎缩的体细胞获得性突变和基因组氧化损伤。讨论了衰老理论，并公开了与之相关的证据。介绍了一些预防线粒体年龄相关损伤的试验，以发展所谓的线粒体医学。
