Barry B, Stewart G L
Owen Graduate School of Management, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA.
J Appl Psychol. 1997 Feb;82(1):62-78. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.82.1.62.
Using the five factor model with an emphasis on extraversion and conscientiousness, the authors investigated how personality is related to small group processes and outcomes. Graduate students (N = 289) assigned to 4- and 5-person teams in 61 groups engaged in a series of creative problem-solving tasks over a period of several weeks. Extraversion was associated with group processes and outcomes at both individual and group levels of analysis. At the individual level, extraverts were perceived by others as having greater effect than introverts on group outcomes. Covariance structure modeling suggested that extraverts induce these perceptions through the provision of both socioemotional and task-related inputs. At the group level, the proportion of relatively extraverted members was related curvilinearly to task focus and group performance. Contrary to expectations, Conscientiousness was unrelated to processes and outcomes at either the individual or group level.
作者运用强调外向性和尽责性的五因素模型，研究了人格与小组过程及结果之间的关系。289名研究生被分配到61个由4至5人组成的小组中，在数周时间内参与了一系列创造性问题解决任务。在外向性与小组过程及结果的个体和小组层面分析中均存在关联。在个体层面，他人认为外向者对小组结果的影响比内向者更大。协方差结构建模表明，外向者通过提供社会情感和任务相关投入引发了这些认知。在小组层面，相对外向成员的比例与任务专注度和小组表现呈曲线相关。与预期相反，尽责性在个体或小组层面均与过程和结果无关。
