Blanchette V S, Hume H A, Levy G J, Luban N L, Strauss R G
Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
Am J Dis Child. 1991 Jul;145(7):787-96.
Although transfusion of blood products is an essential and potentially life-saving measure, not all blood transfusions are beneficial to patients. The associated risks, particularly transfusion-transmitted viral illnesses, such as hepatitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, require that careful consideration be given before a decision is made to transfuse any blood product. Many institutions have established a local committee to monitor transfusion practices and audit such practices regularly. To assist in this task, the Pediatric Hemotherapy Committee of the American Association of Blood Banks has developed guidelines for the conduct of pediatric blood transfusion audits. These guidelines, summarized herein, cover transfusion of red blood cells, platelets, white blood cells, fresh-frozen plasma, albumin, and clotting concentrates. The use of cytomegalovirus low-risk and irradiated blood products is also discussed. Throughout the report, special attention is given to the transfusion needs of newborn infants.
尽管输注血液制品是一项必不可少且可能挽救生命的措施，但并非所有输血对患者都有益。相关风险，尤其是输血传播的病毒性疾病，如肝炎和获得性免疫缺陷综合征，要求在决定输注任何血液制品之前都要仔细考虑。许多机构已经成立了当地委员会来监测输血操作并定期对这些操作进行审核。为协助这项工作，美国血库协会的儿科血液治疗委员会制定了儿科输血审核指南。本文总结的这些指南涵盖了红细胞、血小板、白细胞、新鲜冰冻血浆、白蛋白和凝血浓缩物的输血。还讨论了使用低巨细胞病毒风险和辐照血液制品的情况。在整个报告中，特别关注了新生儿的输血需求。
