Yeruham I, Elad D, Van-Ham M, Shpigel N Y, Perl S
Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Bet Dagan, Israel.
Vet Rec. 1997 Apr 19;140(16):423-7. doi: 10.1136/vr.140.16.423.
Morbidity due to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection occurred in 29 dairy herds in Israel during 1989 to 1995. The disease occurred sporadically in 17 of the herds with a morbidity of up to 5 per cent, and was epidemic in 12, with a morbidity of 5 to 35 per cent. Cutaneous abscesses were diagnosed in 609 animals. Young cattle appeared to be less susceptible to the disease than older cows. Beef cattle herds were not affected. The disease appeared in the cutaneous form in 92.5 per cent of cases, the cutaneous and mastitic form in 5.9 per cent and the cutaneous and visceral form in 1.6 per cent. The cutaneous form appeared as deep subcutaneous abscesses on various parts of the body, with granulating ulcers exuding pus and blood. In 10 of the herds, C pseudotuberculosis was isolated from 33 mastitic cows which also had cutaneous lesions. The visceral form of the disease was detected when severely affected animals were slaughtered. In 23 of the herds, the disease occurred during the spring and summer dry season, from March to October; the highest prevalence was in the semi-arid Negev region. In 25 herds, the infection lasted for up to five months. The skin lesions on individual cows healed on average in 23.4 days, after either local or parenteral treatment. No significant difference was observed between the effect of systemic antibiotic treatment and local antiseptic treatment. One hundred and two (16.7 per cent) severely affected animals were culled. There was a decrease in milk production and large increases in somatic cell counts in the 12 herds in which the disease was epidemic. None of the strains of isolated C pseudotuberculosis reduced nitrate.
1989年至1995年期间，以色列有29个奶牛群发生了由伪结核棒状杆菌感染引起的发病情况。该病在17个牛群中呈散发性，发病率高达5%，在12个牛群中呈流行性，发病率为5%至35%。共诊断出609头动物患有皮肤脓肿。年轻牛似乎比成年母牛对该病的易感性更低。肉牛群未受影响。该病92.5%的病例表现为皮肤型，5.9%为皮肤和乳房型，1.6%为皮肤和内脏型。皮肤型表现为身体各部位的深部皮下脓肿，有肉芽溃疡并渗出脓液和血液。在10个牛群中，从33头患有乳房炎且有皮肤病变的奶牛中分离出了伪结核棒状杆菌。当对严重患病动物进行屠宰时检测到该病的内脏型。在23个牛群中，该病发生在春季和夏季的干旱季节，即3月至10月；发病率最高的是半干旱的内盖夫地区。在25个牛群中，感染持续长达五个月。经局部或全身治疗后，个体奶牛的皮肤病变平均在23.4天内愈合。全身抗生素治疗和局部防腐治疗的效果之间未观察到显著差异。102头（16.7%）严重患病动物被扑杀。在该病呈流行性的12个牛群中，牛奶产量下降，体细胞计数大幅增加。分离出的伪结核棒状杆菌菌株均不能还原硝酸盐。
