Ballas M T, Tytko J, Cookson D
Franciscan Sports Medicine Center, Dayton, OH 45408, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 1997 May 15;55(7):2473-84.
Running injuries are primarily caused by overuse due to training errors (i.e., running too far, too fast, too soon). A stress fracture should always be considered in a runner with pain, because long-term morbidity may occur if this injury is not recognized. The history and physical examination are usually sufficient to diagnose an overuse injury. Runners should be instructed to increase their mileage gradually in increments of 10 percent or less each week, to wear proper running shoes and to perform stretching and strengthening exercises for the lower extremities on a regular basis. In addition, they should not attempt to "run through pain." Treatment of overuse running injuries includes relative rest, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cross-training and stretching exercises, with a return to running as tolerated. Correction of biomechanical problems with the use of orthotics may be an adjunctive treatment measure.
跑步损伤主要是由训练错误导致的过度使用引起的（即跑得太远、太快、太早）。对于有疼痛症状的跑步者，应始终考虑应力性骨折，因为如果这种损伤未被识别，可能会导致长期的发病率。病史和体格检查通常足以诊断过度使用损伤。应指导跑步者每周以10%或更低的增幅逐渐增加里程数，穿着合适的跑鞋，并定期进行下肢的伸展和强化锻炼。此外，他们不应试图“忍痛跑步”。过度使用性跑步损伤的治疗包括相对休息、非甾体类抗炎药、交叉训练和伸展运动，并根据耐受情况恢复跑步。使用矫形器纠正生物力学问题可能是一种辅助治疗措施。
