Venjatraman J T, Fernandes G
Nutrition Program, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA.
Aging (Milano). 1997 Feb-Apr;9(1-2):42-56. doi: 10.1007/BF03340127.
In general population, many protective immune responses are impaired in old age, leading to an increased risk of infection. However, recent studies in SENIEUR subjects (healthy centenarians who are examples of successful aging) suggest that complex remodeling and reshaping of the immune system occurs with aging. An appropriate regular regimen of endurance exercise might help elderly to lead a quality of life by preserving immune function. However, very little is known regarding the interaction between exercise, aging and the immune system. Given that a number of age-related changes occur in many physiological systems which are known to alter the immune function both at rest and during exercise, it would be of value to learn the extent to which both acute and chronic exercise influence immune function in the elderly. The immune system response to exercise is multifaceted, depending on the nature of exercise. Significant interaction between the neuroendocrine and immune systems, and the role of lifestyle factors in immune function are known to occur. In theory, moderate exercise should help to reverse the adverse effects of aging upon the immune system by increasing the production of endocrine hormones which may contribute to less accumulation of autoreactive immune cells by enhancing the programmed cell death. Active elderly subjects demonstrated a significantly greater proliferative response to phytohemagglutinins (PHA) and to pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and higher rates of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) production. A moderate training program can enhance the resting natural killer (NK) cell function of healthy elderly people, potentially increasing resistance to both viral infections and preventing the formation of malignant cells. Recent studies have suggested that endurance training in later life is associated with a lesser age-related decline in certain aspects of circulating T cell function and related cytokine production. It is important that the dose of physical activity needed to optimize immune function be defined more clearly at various points during the aging process both in females and males in order to optimize the immune function and to prevent any rise in adverse effects of exercise on the elderly population.
在普通人群中，许多保护性免疫反应在老年时会受损，导致感染风险增加。然而，最近对SENIEUR受试者（成功衰老的健康百岁老人）的研究表明，免疫系统会随着衰老发生复杂的重塑和重塑。适当的定期耐力运动方案可能有助于老年人通过保持免疫功能过上有质量的生活。然而，关于运动、衰老和免疫系统之间的相互作用，人们知之甚少。鉴于许多生理系统中会发生一些与年龄相关的变化，这些变化已知会在休息和运动期间改变免疫功能，了解急性和慢性运动对老年人免疫功能的影响程度将是有价值的。免疫系统对运动的反应是多方面的，这取决于运动的性质。已知神经内分泌系统和免疫系统之间存在显著的相互作用，以及生活方式因素在免疫功能中的作用。理论上，适度运动应有助于通过增加内分泌激素的产生来逆转衰老对免疫系统的不利影响，这可能通过增强程序性细胞死亡来减少自身反应性免疫细胞的积累。活跃的老年受试者对植物血凝素（PHA）和商陆有丝分裂原（PWM）表现出明显更强的增殖反应，以及更高的白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）和白细胞介素-4（IL-4）产生率。适度的训练计划可以增强健康老年人静息自然杀伤（NK）细胞的功能，潜在地增加对病毒感染的抵抗力并预防恶性细胞的形成。最近的研究表明，晚年的耐力训练与循环T细胞功能和相关细胞因子产生的某些方面与年龄相关的下降较小有关。重要的是，为了优化免疫功能并防止运动对老年人群产生任何不良影响的增加，需要在衰老过程的不同阶段更明确地确定优化免疫功能所需的身体活动剂量，无论男女。
