Hawkins K A, Sullivan T E, Choi E J
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA.
J Psychiatry Neurosci. 1997 May;22(3):169-79.
Researchers disagree about why patients with schizophrenia perform poorly on memory tests. Some argue the presence of a fundamental memory deficit stemming from dysfunction in medial temporal lobe structures, principally the hippocampus. Others, stressing the contributions of impaired attention or executive failings such as a disorganized approach to learning, implicate larger neural networks. We compared data from psychometrically similar procedures, the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R), generated by 17 schizophrenia-spectrum patients and 33 psychiatric controls. We then compared our findings in detail with all published WMS-R/WAIS-R schizophrenia data. Our findings and the literature indicate that the acquisition of new information is disrupted in schizophrenia, but they provide little support for claims that memory deficits are especially pronounced relative to other weaknesses. Since schizophrenia patients exhibit reasonable retention following intervening activity, theories that place primary emphasis upon hippocampal dysfunction are not well supported.
研究人员对于精神分裂症患者在记忆测试中表现不佳的原因存在分歧。一些人认为，这是由于内侧颞叶结构（主要是海马体）功能障碍导致的根本性记忆缺陷。另一些人则强调注意力受损或执行功能缺陷（如学习方法混乱）的影响，认为是更大的神经网络出现了问题。我们比较了17名精神分裂症谱系患者和33名精神科对照者在心理测量学上相似的程序——韦氏记忆量表修订版（WMS-R）和韦氏成人智力量表修订版（WAIS-R）中产生的数据。然后，我们将研究结果与所有已发表的WMS-R/WAIS-R精神分裂症数据进行了详细比较。我们的研究结果和文献表明，精神分裂症患者获取新信息的过程受到了干扰，但几乎没有证据支持相对于其他弱点而言记忆缺陷尤为明显的说法。由于精神分裂症患者在干预活动后表现出合理的记忆保持能力，因此主要强调海马体功能障碍的理论缺乏充分支持。
