Finbow M E, Harrison M A
CRC Beatson Laboratories, Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, U.K.
Biochem J. 1997 Jun 15;324 ( Pt 3)(Pt 3):697-712. doi: 10.1042/bj3240697.
The vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) is a universal component of eukaryotic organisms. It is present in the membranes of many organelles, where its proton-pumping action creates the low intra-vacuolar pH found, for example, in lysosomes. In addition, there are a number of differentiated cell types that have V-ATPases on their surface that contribute to the physiological functions of these cells. The V-ATPase is a multi-subunit enzyme composed of a membrane sector and a cytosolic catalytic sector. It is related to the familiar FoF1 ATP synthase (F-ATPase), having the same basic architectural construction, and many of the subunits from the two display identity with one another. All the core subunits of the V-ATPase have now been identified and much is known about the assembly, regulation and pharmacology of the enzyme. Recent genetic analysis has shown the V-ATPase to be a vital component of higher eukaryotes. At least one of the subunits, i.e. subunit c (ductin), may have multifunctional roles in membrane transport, providing a possible pathway of communication between cells. The structure of the membrane sector is known in some detail, and it is possible to begin to suggest how proton pumping is coupled to ATP hydrolysis.
液泡H⁺-ATP酶（V-ATP酶）是真核生物的一种普遍成分。它存在于许多细胞器的膜中，其质子泵作用在这些细胞器中产生了低液泡内pH值，例如在溶酶体中。此外，有许多分化的细胞类型在其表面具有V-ATP酶，这些酶有助于这些细胞的生理功能。V-ATP酶是一种多亚基酶，由一个膜区和一个胞质催化区组成。它与常见的F₀F₁ ATP合酶（F-ATP酶）相关，具有相同的基本结构构造，并且来自两者的许多亚基彼此具有同源性。现在已经鉴定出V-ATP酶的所有核心亚基，并且对该酶的组装、调节和药理学有了很多了解。最近的遗传分析表明，V-ATP酶是高等真核生物的重要组成部分。至少其中一个亚基，即亚基c（导管蛋白），可能在膜运输中具有多种功能作用，为细胞间的通讯提供了一条可能的途径。膜区的结构已得到一定程度的了解，并且可以开始推测质子泵作用是如何与ATP水解相偶联的。
