Fajardo-Gutiérrez A, Navarrete-Martínez A, Reynoso-García M, Zarzosa-Morales M E, Mejía-Aranguré M, Yamamoto-Kimura L T
Unidad de Investigatigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital de Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México D.F., México.
Med Pediatr Oncol. 1997 Sep;29(3):208-12. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-911x(199709)29:3<208::aid-mpo8>3.0.co;2-h.
An increase in neoplasms in Mexican children has been reported. In 1991, the incidence in children from Mexico City (MC) was 70 (x 10(6) child/year), although this rate might be underestimated. The aim of the present study was to estimate the incidence of malignant neoplasms in children resident in MC attending Social Security (SS) hospitals. This study was a retrospective hospital survey. All records of childhood malignant neoplasms diagnosed between 1992 and 1993 in the two SS hospitals which attend childhood neoplasms in MC were reviewed. Histopathological diagnoses were reevaluated and incidence rates (x 10(6) child/ year) in terms of age, sex, and place of residence were estimated. A total of 667 cases were found for the period of study, of which 199 corresponded to residents of MC. The neoplasms with highest prevalence were leukemias (39.2%), lymphomas (17.6%), and central nervous system tumors (12.6%). A general incidence of 94.3 was found, which was highest in children under 5 years of age. Leukemias had an incidence of 36.4, lymphomas of 15.2, and central nervous system tumors of 12.0. Prevalence was higher in boys (male/female ratio of 1.6). As for the place of residence, the highest incidence corresponded to children living in the southern areas of MC. Eighty percent of the leukemias were acute lymphoblastic, while 54% of solid neoplasms were classified as stages III and IV. In conclusion, the incidence of malignant neoplasms in children resident in MC treated at SS hospitals is consistent with that found worldwide, and also with the Latin American pattern.
据报道，墨西哥儿童的肿瘤发病率有所上升。1991年，墨西哥城（MC）儿童的发病率为70（每10^6儿童/年），不过这一比率可能被低估了。本研究的目的是估计在MC居住并在社会保障（SS）医院就诊的儿童中恶性肿瘤的发病率。本研究是一项回顾性医院调查。对1992年至1993年期间在MC两家诊治儿童肿瘤的SS医院诊断出的所有儿童恶性肿瘤记录进行了审查。对组织病理学诊断进行了重新评估，并按年龄、性别和居住地点估计了发病率（每10^6儿童/年）。在研究期间共发现667例病例，其中199例为MC居民。患病率最高的肿瘤是白血病（39.2%）、淋巴瘤（17.6%）和中枢神经系统肿瘤（12.6%）。总体发病率为94.3，在5岁以下儿童中最高。白血病发病率为36.4，淋巴瘤为15.2，中枢神经系统肿瘤为12.0。男孩的患病率更高（男/女比例为1.6）。至于居住地点，发病率最高的是居住在MC南部地区的儿童。80%的白血病为急性淋巴细胞白血病，而54%的实体肿瘤被归类为III期和IV期。总之，在SS医院接受治疗的MC居民儿童中恶性肿瘤的发病率与全球范围内以及拉丁美洲模式下的发病率一致。
