Juárez-Ocaña Servando, González-Miranda Guadalupe, Mejía-Aranguré Juan Manuel, Rendón-Macías Mario Enrique, Martínez-García María del Carmen, Fajardo-Gutiérrez Arturo
Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México.
BMC Cancer. 2004 Aug 13;4:50. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-4-50.
The objective of this article is to present the frequency of cancer in Mexican children who were treated in the hospitals of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social in Mexico City (IMSS-MC) in the period 1996-2001.
The Registry of Cancer in Children, started in 1996 in the IMSS-MC, is an on-going, prospective register. The data from 1996 through 2001 were analyzed and the different types of cancer were grouped according to the International Classification for Cancer in Children (ICCC). From this analysis, the general and specific frequencies by age and by sex were obtained for the different groups of neoplasms. Also, the frequency of the stage of the disease that had been diagnosed in cases of children with solid tumors was obtained.
A total of 1,702 new cases of children with cancer were registered, with the male/female ratio at 1.1/1. Leukemias had the highest frequency with 784 cases (46.1%) and, of these, acute lymphoblastic leukemias were the most prevalent with 614 cases (78.3%). Thereafter, in descending order of frequency, were tumors of the central nervous system (CNST) with 197 cases (11.6%), lymphomas with 194 cases (11.4%), germinal cell tumors with 110 cases (6.5%), and bone tumors with 97 cases (5.7%). The highest frequency of cancer was found in the group of one to four year-olds that had 627 cases (36.8%). In all the age groups, leukemias were the most frequent. In the present work, the frequency of Hodgkin's disease (4%) was found to be lower than that (10%) in previous studies and the frequency of tumors of the sympathetic nervous system was low (2.3%). Of those cases of solid tumors for which the stage of the disease had been determined, 66.9% were diagnosed as being Stage III or IV.
The principal cancers in the children treated in the IMSS-MC were leukemias, CNST, and lymphomas, consistent with those reported by developed countries. A 2.5-fold reduction in the frequency of Hodgkin's disease was found. Of the children, the stage of whose disease had been determined, two thirds were diagnosed as having advanced stages of the disease.
本文旨在呈现1996 - 2001年期间在墨西哥城墨西哥社会保障局医院（IMSS - MC）接受治疗的墨西哥儿童患癌症的频率。
儿童癌症登记始于1996年的IMSS - MC，是一个持续的前瞻性登记系统。分析了1996年至2001年的数据，并根据国际儿童癌症分类（ICCC）对不同类型的癌症进行了分组。通过该分析，得出了不同肿瘤组按年龄和性别的总体及特定频率。此外，还得出了实体瘤患儿已确诊疾病阶段的频率。
共登记了1702例儿童癌症新病例，男女比例为1.1/1。白血病发病率最高，有784例（46.1%），其中急性淋巴细胞白血病最为常见，有614例（78.3%）。此后，按发病率从高到低依次为中枢神经系统肿瘤（CNST），有197例（11.6%）；淋巴瘤有194例（11.4%）；生殖细胞瘤有110例（6.5%）；骨肿瘤有97例（5.7%）。癌症发病率最高的是1至4岁年龄组，有627例（36.8%）。在所有年龄组中，白血病最为常见。在本研究中，发现霍奇金病的发病率（约4%）低于先前研究（约10%），交感神经系统肿瘤的发病率较低（2.3%）。在已确定疾病阶段的实体瘤病例中，66.9%被诊断为III期或IV期。
在IMSS - MC接受治疗的儿童中，主要癌症为白血病、CNST和淋巴瘤，这与发达国家报告的情况一致。发现霍奇金病的发病率降低了2.5倍。在已确定疾病阶段的儿童中，三分之二被诊断为疾病晚期。
