Koutsky L
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
Am J Med. 1997 May 5;102(5A):3-8. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(97)00177-0.
Although it is difficult to estimate the overall prevalence of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, current figures suggest that visible genital warts are present in approximately 1% of sexually active adults in the United States and that at least 15% have subclinical infection, as detected by HPV DNA assays. Genital HPV infection is thus extremely common. The highest rates of genital HPV infection are found in adults 18-28 years of age. Although risk factors for infection are difficult to assess because of the high frequency of subclinical infection, it is clear that major risk factors for acquiring genital HPV infection involve sexual behavior, particularly multiple sex partners. Other possible risk factors for acquisition of genital HPV infection include oral contraceptive use, pregnancy, and impairment of cell-mediated immunity. Strong epidemiologic and molecular data link HPV infection to cervical and other anogenital cancers. The types of HPV most commonly detected in cancers are HPV-16 and HPV-18. In summary, genital HPV infection is common among sexually active populations and causes both benign and malignant neoplasms of the genital tract.
虽然很难估计生殖器人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染的总体流行率，但目前的数据表明，在美国约1%的性活跃成年人中存在可见的生殖器疣，并且通过HPV DNA检测发现至少15%的人有亚临床感染。因此，生殖器HPV感染极为常见。生殖器HPV感染率最高的人群是18至28岁的成年人。由于亚临床感染的频率很高，感染的风险因素难以评估，但很明显，获得生殖器HPV感染的主要风险因素涉及性行为，尤其是多个性伴侣。获得生殖器HPV感染的其他可能风险因素包括使用口服避孕药、怀孕以及细胞介导免疫受损。强有力的流行病学和分子数据将HPV感染与宫颈癌和其他肛门生殖器癌联系起来。在癌症中最常检测到的HPV类型是HPV - 16和HPV - 18。总之，生殖器HPV感染在性活跃人群中很常见，并会导致生殖道的良性和恶性肿瘤。
