The phylogeny of the Caelifera (Insecta, Orthoptera) as deduced from mtrRNA gene sequences.

Fragments of both mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes of 32 caeliferan taxa (representing six of the seven superfamilies) and six outgroup Orthopteroids were sequenced. The combined alignment length was 630 bp after removal of all ambiguously aligned positions. Separation for the basal taxa was problematic and analysis using the LogDet transformation indicated that shared base composition biases were a confounding factor. The suborder Caelifera and all traditional caeliferan superfamilies except the Pamphagoidea are retrieved as monophyletic groups, though the Eumastacoidea lack significant bootstrap support. Of the traditional pamphagoid taxa, the Pamphagidae is embedded between classically acridid subfamilies, whereas Pyrgomorphidae is placed close to the Pneumoroidea. The morphological similarities of the Pyrgomorphidae and Pamphagidae may thus be homoplasic. A consensus tree based on five different methods of analysis indicated the following order: (Tridactyloidea, Tetrigoidea (Eumastacidae, Proscopiidae (Pneumoridae, Pyrgomorphidae (Acrididae + Pamphagidae)))).