Gochfeld M
Department of Environmental and Community Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Jun;105 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):817-22. doi: 10.1289/ehp.97105s4817.
Although the long-neglected field of human susceptibility to environmental toxicants is currently receiving renewed attention, there is only scant literature on factors influencing susceptibility to heavy metals. Genetic factors may influence the availability of sulfhydryl-containing compounds such as glutathione and metallothionein, which modify the distribution and toxicity of certain metals. Age and gender play a role in modifying uptake and distribution, although the mechanisms are often obscure. Concurrent exposure to divalent cations may enhance or reduce the toxicity of certain metals through competition for receptor-mediated transport or targets. Increasing use of biomarkers of exposure should greatly increase our understanding of the underlying distribution of susceptibility to various environmental agents.
尽管长期被忽视的人类对环境毒物易感性领域目前正重新受到关注，但关于影响重金属易感性因素的文献却很少。遗传因素可能会影响含巯基化合物如谷胱甘肽和金属硫蛋白的可用性，这些化合物会改变某些金属的分布和毒性。年龄和性别在改变吸收和分布方面发挥作用，尽管其机制通常并不明确。同时接触二价阳离子可能通过竞争受体介导的转运或靶点来增强或降低某些金属的毒性。越来越多地使用接触生物标志物应该会大大增进我们对各种环境因子易感性潜在分布的理解。
