Rosenman K D, Reilly M J, Kalinowski D
Michigan State University, Department of Medicine, East Lansing 48824-1316, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 1997 Oct;32(4):325-31. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199710)32:4<325::aid-ajim1>3.0.co;2-t.
The objective of this work was to determine whether the prevalence of respiratory symptoms differed among workers exposed to different types of metal-working fluids. As part of a mandatory surveillance system for occupational illness, from 1988-1994, the Michigan Department of Public Health received, 86 occupational disease reports of work-related asthma secondary to exposure to metal-working fluids. As part of a public health program, follow-up industrial hygiene inspections, including medical interviews of the workforce, were performed at companies where the reported cases had become ill. Metal-working fluids were the second most common cause of work-related asthma reported in the state. Most of the reports were from the automobile industry. Follow-up inspections were conducted at 37 facilities where the individuals with work-related asthma had worked. Seven hundred and fifty-five workers at these facilities were interviewed. Only one facility was above the allowable oil mist standard. Despite the exposure levels being within the legal limits, approximately 20% of the fellow workers of the reported cases had daily or weekly respiratory symptoms suggestive of work-related asthma. Workers exposed to emulsified, semisynthetic, or synthetic machining coolants were more likely to have chronic bronchitis; to have visited a doctor for shortness of breath; to have visited a doctor for a sinus problem; to be bothered at work by nasal stuffiness, runny nose, or sore throat; and to have an increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms consistent with work-related asthma, compared to workers exposed to mineral oil metal-working fluids. These findings were found in individuals who currently smoked, had never smoked or were ex-cigarette smokers. Further research to determine the chemical components or microbial contaminants responsible for these findings is needed.
这项工作的目的是确定接触不同类型金属加工液的工人中呼吸道症状的患病率是否存在差异。作为职业病强制监测系统的一部分，1988年至1994年期间，密歇根州公共卫生部收到了86份因接触金属加工液继发职业性哮喘的职业病报告。作为一项公共卫生计划的一部分，在报告病例发病的公司进行了后续工业卫生检查，包括对员工的医学访谈。金属加工液是该州报告的与工作相关哮喘的第二大常见病因。大多数报告来自汽车行业。对37家有职业性哮喘患者工作过的工厂进行了后续检查。对这些工厂的755名工人进行了访谈。只有一家工厂超过了允许的油雾标准。尽管接触水平在法定范围内，但报告病例的大约20%的同事有每日或每周提示与工作相关哮喘的呼吸道症状。与接触矿物油金属加工液的工人相比，接触乳化、半合成或合成加工冷却液的工人更有可能患慢性支气管炎；因呼吸急促去看过医生；因鼻窦问题去看过医生；在工作中因鼻塞、流鼻涕或喉咙痛而烦恼；以及与工作相关哮喘一致的呼吸道症状患病率增加。这些发现存在于目前吸烟、从未吸烟或曾经吸烟的人群中。需要进一步研究以确定导致这些发现的化学成分或微生物污染物。
