Malina R M, Woynarowska B, Bielicki T, Beunen G, Eweld D, Geithner C A, Huang Y C, Rogers D M
Institute for the Study of Youth Sports, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824-1049, U.S.A.
Int J Sports Med. 1997 Jul;18 Suppl 3:S179-85. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-972711.
Results of three longitudinal studies of the growth, maturation and fitness of youth active in sport are summarized. Data include size attained and growth rates for height and body mass, secondary sex characteristics, skeletal age, age at peak height velocity, and two indicators of fitness, peak O2 uptake and power output at a heart rate of 170 bpm (PWC 170). The data for active youth are compared to local reference data and where appropriate to data from other European longitudinal studies. Allowing for variation in methodology and sampling, regular training in sport during puberty and the adolescent spurt does not influence size attained, growth rate, and the timing and progression of somatic, sexual and skeletal maturation in boys and girls. Active and nonactive boys and girls, respectively, do not differ significantly in the mean age at maximum growth in power output at a heart rate of 170 bpm. Boys active in sport, however, have a greater maximal gain in submaximal power output than nonactive boys. Analysis of ontogenetic allometry of peak oxygen uptake and stature and body mass indicate variation between individuals, and between boys of contrasting maturity status.
总结了三项关于积极参与体育运动的青少年生长、成熟和健康状况的纵向研究结果。数据包括身高和体重所达到的尺寸及生长速率、第二性征、骨骼年龄、身高增长峰值时的年龄，以及两项健康指标，即最大摄氧量和心率为170次/分钟时的功率输出（PWC 170）。将积极参与体育运动的青少年的数据与当地参考数据进行比较，并在适当情况下与其他欧洲纵向研究的数据进行比较。考虑到方法和抽样的差异，青春期和青春期快速生长期间进行的常规体育训练不会影响男孩和女孩所达到的尺寸、生长速率以及身体、性和骨骼成熟的时间和进程。积极参与体育运动和不参与体育运动的男孩和女孩，在心率为170次/分钟时功率输出最大增长时的平均年龄上分别没有显著差异。然而，积极参与体育运动的男孩在次最大功率输出方面的最大增益比不参与体育运动的男孩更大。对最大摄氧量与身高和体重的个体发育异速生长分析表明，个体之间以及成熟状态不同的男孩之间存在差异。
