el-Serag H B, Sonnenberg A
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
Gastroenterology. 1997 Sep;113(3):755-60. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5085(97)70168-9.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: It has been speculated that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) represents a risk factor for the occurrence of extraesophageal complications. The aim of this study was to compare the comorbid occurrence of sinus, laryngeal, and pulmonary diseases in case subjects with and control subjects without reflux esophagitis.
The case population consisted of all patients with erosive esophagitis (International Classification of Diseases code 530.1) or esophageal stricture (ICD code 530.3) who were discharged from hospitals of the Department of Veteran Affairs between 1981 and 1994. In multivariate logistic regressions, the occurrence of sinus, pharyngeal, laryngeal, or pulmonary disease was compared between cases with and an equal number of controls without esophagitis or stricture.
A total of 101,366 case subjects was analyzed. Erosive esophagitis and esophageal stricture were associated with sinusitis (odds ratio, 1.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.51-1.70), pharyngitis (1.48; 1.15-1.89), aphonia (1.81; 1.18-2.80), laryngitis (2.01; 1.53-2.63), laryngeal stenosis (2.02; 1.12-3.65), chronic bronchitis (1.28; 1.22-1.34), asthma (1.51; 1.43-1.59), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1.22; 1.16-1.27), pulmonary fibrosis (1.36; 1.25-1.48), bronchiectasis (1.26; 1.09-1.47), pulmonary collapse (1.31; 1.23-1.40), and pneumonia (1.15; 1.12-1.18).
Patients with reflux esophagitis are at an increased risk of harboring a large variety of sinus, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and pulmonary diseases.
据推测，胃食管反流病（GERD）是食管外并发症发生的一个危险因素。本研究的目的是比较有反流性食管炎的病例组与无反流性食管炎的对照组中鼻窦、喉部和肺部疾病的合并发生率。
病例组包括1981年至1994年间从退伍军人事务部医院出院的所有糜烂性食管炎患者（国际疾病分类代码530.1）或食管狭窄患者（ICD代码530.3）。在多因素逻辑回归分析中，比较了有食管炎或狭窄的病例组与同等数量无食管炎或狭窄的对照组中鼻窦、咽部、喉部或肺部疾病的发生率。
共分析了101366例病例。糜烂性食管炎和食管狭窄与鼻窦炎（比值比，1.60；95%置信区间，1.51 - 1.70）、咽炎（1.48；1.15 - 1.89）、失音（1.81；1.18 - 2.80）、喉炎（2.01；1.53 - 2.63）、喉狭窄（2.02；1.12 - 3.65）、慢性支气管炎（1.28；1.22 - 1.34）、哮喘（1.51；1.43 - 1.59）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（1.22；1.16 - 1.27）、肺纤维化（1.36；1.25 - 1.48）、支气管扩张（1.26；1.09 - 1.47）、肺不张（1.31；1.23 - 1.40）和肺炎（1.15；1.12 - 1.18）相关。
反流性食管炎患者患多种鼻窦、咽部、喉部和肺部疾病的风险增加。
