Schmutte P S, Ryff C D
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1997 Sep;73(3):549-59. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.73.3.549.
Because measures of personality and well-being share common affective underpinnings and items, previously reported links between these domains may be tautological. To explicate the connections between personality and well-being, 2 samples of midlife adults (N = 215 and N = 139) completed measures of personality (NEO Five Factor Inventory; P.T. Costa & R.R. McCrae, 1992) and psychological well-being (C. D. Ryff's, 1989b, Psychological Well-Being [PWB] inventory) that were maximally distinct, both conceptually and methodologically. Analyses included additional controls for source overlap, common affective underpinnings, and shared item content. Distinctive personality correlates were observed for the 6 PWB outcomes: self-acceptance, environmental mastery, and purpose in life were linked with Neuroticism (N) Extraversion (E) and Conscientiousness (C); personal growth was linked with Openness to Experience (O) and E; positive relations with others was linked with Agreeableness (A) and E; autonomy was linked with N. Psychological wellness and its personality correlates may be more complex than prior studies suggest.
由于人格和幸福感的测量有着共同的情感基础和项目，之前报道的这些领域之间的联系可能是同义反复的。为了阐明人格与幸福感之间的联系，两组中年成年人样本（N = 215和N = 139）完成了在概念和方法上都尽可能不同的人格测量（大五人格问卷；P.T. 科斯塔和R.R. 麦克雷，1992）以及心理幸福感测量（C.D. 赖夫，1989b，心理幸福感[PWB]量表）。分析还额外控制了来源重叠、共同的情感基础和共享的项目内容。在6个心理幸福感结果中观察到了独特的人格相关性：自我接受、环境掌控和生活目的与神经质（N）、外向性（E）和尽责性（C）相关；个人成长与开放性（O）和E相关；与他人的积极关系与宜人性（A）和E相关；自主性与N相关。心理健康及其人格相关性可能比之前的研究所表明的更为复杂。
