D'Amico E J, Fromme K
Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin 78712, USA.
Health Psychol. 1997 Sep;16(5):426-32. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.16.5.426.
The present study tested the effects of older siblings' outcome expectancies, health risk behaviors, and consequences on the behavior and health-related expectancies of their younger adolescent siblings. Data were analyzed for 140 matched pairs of younger (n = 147) and older (n = 195) siblings. Younger siblings' alcohol use and expectancies were significantly associated with perceptions of their older siblings' drinking. Younger siblings' positive expectancies for other health risk behaviors (e.g., sex without a condom) were associated with their perceptions about the positive consequences their older sibling had experienced and with their older siblings' positive expectancies. These results suggest that vicarious learning from an older sibling is one mechanism through which adolescents form expectancies about health risk behaviors. Prevention strategies are discussed that focus on expectancies and older sibling influence on adolescent risk involvement.
本研究测试了年长同胞的结果期望、健康风险行为及其后果对其青少年弟弟妹妹的行为和健康相关期望的影响。对140对匹配的青少年弟弟妹妹（n = 147）和年长同胞（n = 195）的数据进行了分析。弟弟妹妹的饮酒行为和期望与他们对哥哥姐姐饮酒情况的认知显著相关。弟弟妹妹对其他健康风险行为（如不使用避孕套进行性行为）的积极期望与他们对哥哥姐姐所经历的积极后果的认知以及哥哥姐姐的积极期望相关。这些结果表明，从哥哥姐姐那里进行替代性学习是青少年形成健康风险行为期望的一种机制。文中讨论了针对期望以及哥哥姐姐对青少年风险参与影响的预防策略。
