Gladstone T R, Kaslow N J, Seeley J R, Lewinsohn P M
Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1997 Aug;25(4):297-306. doi: 10.1023/a:1025712419436.
This study examined attributional style, sex and depressive symptoms and diagnosis in high school students. The results revealed that (1) for females and males, higher levels of depressive symptoms correlated with a more depressive attributional style; (2) females and males who met diagnostic criteria for a current depressive disorder evidenced more depressogenic attributions than psychiatric controls, and never had past depressed adolescents; (3) although no sex differences in terms of attributional patterns for positive events, negative events, or for positive and negative events combined emerged, sex differences were revealed on a number of dimensional scores; (4) across the Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire (CASQ) subscale and dimensional scores, the relation between attributions and current self-reported depressive symptoms was stronger for females than males; and (5) no Sex x Diagnostic Group Status interaction effects emerged for CASQ subscale or dimensional scores. Implications of the complex findings from this large-scale, methodologically sophisticated study was addressed.
本研究调查了高中生的归因方式、性别与抑郁症状及诊断情况。结果显示：（1）对于女性和男性而言，较高水平的抑郁症状与更具抑郁性的归因方式相关；（2）符合当前抑郁障碍诊断标准的女性和男性比精神科对照者以及既往从未有过抑郁的青少年表现出更多的致抑郁性归因；（3）尽管在积极事件、消极事件或积极与消极事件综合的归因模式方面未出现性别差异，但在一些维度得分上显示出了性别差异；（4）在儿童归因方式问卷（CASQ）的分量表和维度得分方面，归因与当前自我报告的抑郁症状之间的关系在女性中比在男性中更强；（5）在CASQ分量表或维度得分方面未出现性别×诊断组状态的交互效应。本文探讨了这项大规模、方法复杂的研究所得出的复杂结果的意义。
