Böttiger M, Forsgren M
Department of Epidemiology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden.
Vaccine. 1997 Oct;15(14):1538-44. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(97)00068-6.
Two different strategies for the prevention of rubella-induced malformations have now been practised in Sweden, both reaching 90% or more of the target populations. The first was initiated in 1973-1974 and targeted schoolgirls, susceptible women after pregnancy and women at special risk. The second programme-a two-dose measles, mumps, rubella vaccination (MMR) of both boys and girls at the ages of 18 months and 12 years-was introduced in 1982. The percentage of susceptible pregnant women was gradually reduced from 12% in 1975 to 2.8% in 1987 and to just below 2% in 1994. The majority of the non immune are unvaccinated, these being either Swedes born before 1963 or immigrants. Before 1974 on average 14 severely rubella damaged children were reported yearly. Between 1975 and 1985 only a mean of two cases per year were recorded. Since 1985 no child with the rubella syndrome has been registered.
瑞典目前实施了两种预防风疹所致畸形的不同策略，两种策略均覆盖了90%或更多的目标人群。第一种策略于1973年至1974年启动，目标人群为女学生、产后易感女性以及有特殊风险的女性。第二种方案是在1982年推出的针对18个月大及12岁的男孩和女孩的两剂次麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹联合疫苗接种（MMR）。易感孕妇的比例从1975年的12%逐渐降至1987年的2.8%，并在1994年降至略低于2%。大多数未免疫者未接种疫苗，这些人要么是1963年以前出生的瑞典人，要么是移民。1974年以前，平均每年报告14例风疹严重致残儿童。1975年至1985年期间，每年平均仅记录到两例病例。自1985年以来，未登记过患有风疹综合征的儿童。
